Effect of platinum on the photocatalytic degradation of chlorinated organic compound

TiO2 nanoparticles, doped with di erent Pt contents, were prepared by a modified photodeposition method using Degussa P-25 TiO2, H2PtCl6 6H2O and methanol as the solvents. The physicochemical properties of Pt/TiO2 were investigated by the nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm measurement technique, X-ray di raction analysis and photoluminescence spectra, respectively. Reaction rates from photocatalytic removal of dichloromethane over Degussa P-25 TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 were evaluated. The average diameter and BET surface area of the TiO2 catalyst particles were 300 nm and 50 m2/g, respectively. The degradation e ciency was 99.0%, 82.7%, 55.2%, and 57.9% with TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. And the degradation e ciency was 99.3%, 79.7%, 76.5%, and 73.4% with a 0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. In addition, we found that the photoluminescence emission peak intensities decreased with increases in the doping amount of Pt, which indicates that the irradiative recombination was weakened. Furthermore, the results showed that the UV/0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 process was capable of e ciently decomposing gaseous DCM in air.     

HAZOP 分析在海上生产平台的应用

对HAZOP分析方法及工作流程做了介绍,结合在海上生产平台的应用进行了分析和探讨。应用实例表明,HAZOP分析是一项提高海上生产平台设计、建造和运行安全性的行之有效的方法。     

电沉积法处理电解锌漂洗废水的动力学研究

采用电沉积法处理电解锌漂洗工艺废水,以回收废水中的重金属资源。在不同实验条件下对电沉积反应过程中电沉积反应速率及其影响因素进行了研究,结果表明,电沉积回收重金属锌符合准一级动力学规律,当V=6 V时,速率常数k=0.0214。最佳实验条件为:槽电压V=6 V、电解时间为45~60 min、pH为2.5~3.5,反应过程中应充分搅拌。利用电沉积法处理电解锌漂洗废水,将重金属Zn2+还原为单质锌,处理废水的同时实现重金属资源的回收,在工业中有较好的应用前景。     

环境保护与科学发展

环境保护是实现科学发展的基础和保障。本文阐述了环境保护与科学发展的关系,分析了中国、尤其是黑龙江省环境资源状况。环境保护已成为中国经济社会发展的重要制约因素。从转变思想观念、完善环境经济政策和技术政策、改善环境保护的法制环境、解决突出环境保护问题等方面,提出了环境保护要保障经济社会发展全局,经济社会发展也要充分考量环境保护的具体措施。     

Adsorptive property of Cu^2＋-loaded montmorillonite clays for Escherichia coli K_（88） in vitro

The Cu²⁺-loaded montmorillonite clays (MMT-Cu) may be a good material for the adsorbed and eliminated pathogenic bacteria from aqueous solution.     

铅锌冶炼弃渣有害特征及其浸出行为研究

铅锌弃渣是有色金属工业排出的大宗固体废物之一。其中有铅冶炼系统排铅烟花炉渣,锌系统排锌回转窑渣。铅锌弃渣一般含有多种超过排放标准而目前又尚无成熟工艺提取的有价值和稀贵金属元素。这些废渣的堆存直接影响自然景观,并有可能对环境如土壤、水体和作物等造成危害。因此,考察铅锌渣的有害特征,研究其水浸出行为与规律,对解决铅锌弃渣对环境污染,寻求同行业固体废物的治理途径具有重要的现实意义。     

汽车排气污染防治现状及对策分析

随着汽车保有量的剧增,汽车尾气已逐步成为城市环境空气污染的主要来源之一,本文依据我国对机动车污染防治实施的政策及措施,结合近年来现状,对汽车排气污染防治的思路、政策及措施等方面做了分析探讨。     

Microbial bioavailability of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in the sediments of Lake Shankou, Northeastern China

Dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)extracted from Lake Shankou sediments using KCl was isolated into hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions.The bioavailabilities of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions to three types of bacterial communities collected from sediments,activated sludge and compost products were examined.The DON recoveries obtained by DAX-8 and cation exchange resins treatment were 96.17% ± 1.58% and 98.14% ±0% for the samples obtained from N4 and N14 stations,respectively.After 25 days of incubation at 25°C,most DON(59% to 96%)was degraded.Hydrophilic DON exhibited a higher reduction rate than hydrophobic DON during the growth phase.Untreated wastewater from Changshuihe town was the main degradable DON source to station N4,and 93% of hydrophilic DON and 80% of hydrophobic DON were degraded.Station N14 received a large amount of refractory DON from forest soils and exhibited DON degradation rates of 82% and 71% for the hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions,respectively.Amino acid contents and fluorescence intensities were also analyzed.Approximately 27% to 74% of amino acids were taken up by day 5,and their concentration gradually increased in the following days due to the decomposition of dissolved proteins.Parallel factor analysis resulted in identification of tryptophan-like proteins,tyrosine-like proteins and FA-like substances.During the growth phase,40%–51% of the tryptophan-like proteins were taken up by bacteria,and the accumulation of tyrosine-like proteins was attributed to the release of biotic substances.The concentration of the FA-like substances decreased due to microbial decomposition.     

软锰矿浆烟气同步脱硫脱硝资源化利用新工艺

燃煤烟气中的SO2和NOx是大气中重要的污染物,开发高效、经济的同步脱硫脱硝技术是环保领域的研究热点。针对现有同步脱硫脱硝技术存在的氧化剂成本较高和产物不能资源化利用等突出问题,提出了软锰矿浆烟气同步脱硫脱硝,并副产硫酸锰和硝酸锰的资源化新工艺。研究结果表明:软锰矿浆可以有效的脱除烟气中的SO2和NOx,反应产物分别为硫酸锰和硝酸锰。在烟道中注入臭氧,将难溶于水的NO快速氧化为NO2,可大大提高脱硝效率,在O3/NO=1.2的条件下可以达到72%的脱硝率、90%的脱硫率和85%的锰浸出率;吸收液经过空气氧化除铁和加入铜试剂除重金属后,结晶分离溶液得到的硫酸锰和硝酸锰可分别达到HG/T 2962—1999标准的硫酸锰产品和HG/T 3817—2006标准的工业硝酸锰产品要求。该工艺实现了SO2和NOx污染治理与低品位软锰矿资源化利用的双重目的,为SO2和NOx的资源化污染治理技术的开发和应用提供了新的思路。     

氨基脲的毒性效应研究进展

环境及食品中的氨基脲主要来源于硝基呋喃类药物及偶氮二甲酰胺的分解;同时,次氯酸盐与氨基酸的作用也能产生氨基脲. 氨基脲曾在食品动物、玻璃包装食品等多种食品中被检出,近期在我国东营潮河入海口邻近海域也有检出. 早期的研究表明,氨基脲具有致诱变性和潜在的致癌性;而近期的研究表明,氨基脲不仅能够在组织形态学水平上导致多种组织器官的形态改变,而且还可对神经系统、内分泌系统的功能产生影响. 50~150mg/L氨基脲可导致大鼠胎儿肺和肝脏器官内核酸水平显著降低,增加幼年小鼠肺肿瘤发生率;此外,能够显著增加鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞的微核率,表现出弱遗传毒性. 氨基脲是GABA合成酶GAD(谷氨酸脱羧酶)的抑制剂,并且对NMDAR(N-甲基-D-天氡氨酸受体)具有拮抗作用,从而产生神经毒性. 氨基脲可致大鼠多个靶组织器官形态结构的改变且具有一定的性别差异,其中,对胸腺及肾上腺的组织学改变仅在雌性中表现出来,而对甲状腺组织结构的改变仅在雄性中表现明显,对生殖器官的毒性表现为其能够改变雌性卵巢和雄性睾丸显微结构. 雌性大鼠口服40、75、140mg/kg氨基脲28d能够降低其血浆内E₂(雌二醇)水平,并且呈剂量-效应关系,表现出抗雌激素效应. 未来应继续补充氨基脲的毒性数据,以揭示其毒性作用机制;同时,应从其衍生物降解规律、环境风险评价等角度进行深入研究.