催化柴油加氢改质研究

采用一种双功能催化剂对硫，氮，芳烃含量较高的劣质催化裂化柴油（PCC－LCO）进行加氢改质，可以大幅度地提高柴油的十六烷值，并且能够保主柴油馏分的收率大于95v%.     

废水中GaAs、Ga~(3+)、Ge~(4+)对活性污泥脱氢酶的影响及其抑制动力学

以活性污泥脱氢酶的活性作为毒性指标,研究了半导体材料GaAs、Ga~(3+)、Ge~(4+)对活性污泥活性的抑制影响,并用Hg~(2+)作为参比材料;同时对抑制动力学也作了初步研究。实验表明,GaAs、Ga~(3+)、Ge~(4+)及Hg~(2+)的10％抑制浓度分别为45.00,371.63,0.13ppm/gMLSS,GaAs、Ga~(3+)、Ge~(4+)和Hg~(2+)在浓度分别为180,700,250和1.25ppm/g MLSS时的抑制常数分别为1.30×10~(-3),7.05×10~(-3),6.12×10~(-3)和5.49×10~(-3)mmol,且其抑制类型均属可逆非竞争性抑制。     

土壤中麦草灵残留的固相萃取—高效液相色谱测定

土壤中麦草灵用酸性乙醇提取，采用固相萃取技术用Ｓｅｐ－Ｐａｋ Ｃ１８柱净化浓缩，以反相离子抑制高效液相色谱分离测定，方法简便、快速、在土壤中的检出下限为０．０４ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１回收率范围在８３．８－８５．８％之间。     

Influence of methanol on retention of hydrophobic organic chemicals in soil leaching column chromatography

The influence of methanol in methanol-water mixed eluents on the capacity factor (k'), an important parameter which could depict leaching potential of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) in soil leaching column chromatography (SLCC), was investigated. Two reference soils, GSE 17201 obtained from Bayer Landwirtschaftszentrum, Monheim, Germany and SP 14696 from LUFA, Spencer, Germany, were used as packing materials in soil columns, and isocratic elution with methanol-water mixtures at different volume fractions of methanol (phi) were tested. Short-term exposure of the column (packed with the GSE 17201 soil) to the eluents increased solute retention by a certain (23% log-unit) degree evaluated through a correlation with the retention on the same soil column but unpreconditioned by methanol-containing eluents. Long-term exposure of soil columns to the eluents did not influence the solute retention. A log-linear equation, log k' = log k'(w) - S(phi), could well and generally describe the retention of HOCs in SLCC. For the compounds of homologous series, logk'(w) had good linear relationship with S, indicating the hydrophobic partition mechanism existing in the retention process.     

Air quality and health benefits from potential coal power plant closures in Texas

As power production from renewable energy and natural gas grows, closures of some coal-fired power plants in Texas become increasingly likely. In this study, the potential effects of such closures on air quality and human health were analyzed by linking a regional photochemical model with a health impacts assessment tool. The impacts varied significantly across 13 of the state’s largest coal-fired power plants, sometimes by more than an order of magnitude, even after normalizing by generation. While some power plants had negligible impacts on concentrations at important monitors, average impacts up to 0.5 parts per billion (ppb) and 0.2 µg/m³ and maximum impacts up to 3.3 ppb and 0.9 µg/m³ were seen for ozone and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), respectively. Individual power plants impacted average visibility by up to 0.25 deciviews in Class I Areas. Health impacts arose mostly from PM_2.5 and were an order of magnitude higher for plants that lack scrubbers for SO₂. Rankings of health impacts were largely consistent across the base model results and two reduced form models. Carbon dioxide emissions were relatively uniform, ranging from 1.00 to 1.26 short tons/MWh, and can be monetized based on a social cost of carbon. Despite all of these unpaid externalities, estimated direct costs of each power plant exceeded wholesale power prices in 2016.

Implications: While their CO₂ emission rates are fairly similar, sharply different NO_x and SO₂ emission rates and spatial factors cause coal-fired power plants to vary by an order of magnitude in their impacts on ozone, particulate matter, and associated health and visibility outcomes. On a monetized basis, the air pollution health impacts often exceed the value of the electricity generated and are of similar magnitude to climate impacts. This suggests that both air pollution and climate should be considered if externalities are used to inform decision making about power-plant dispatch and retirement.     

医疗废物中有机质的热解动力学研究

在空气气氛下,对医疗废物中几种有代表性的有机质进行非等温热解实验。分析实验结果发现,热解失重曲线与N2气氛下不同,出现多个DTG峰。利用Freeman Carroll法求出了各有机质的表观动力学参数,并建立了能较好反映各物料失重过程的表观多步反应动力学模型。针对混合物料无法直接求出表观动力学参数,建立了多组分反应动力学模型。     

医疗废物中有机质的热解动力学研究

在空气气氛下，对医疗废物中几种有代表性的有机质进行非等温热解实验。分析实验结果发现，热解失重曲线与N2气氛下不同，出现多个DTG峰。利用Freeman—CarroⅡ法求出了各有机质的表观动力学参数，并建立了能较好反映各物料失重过程的表观多步反应动力学模型。针对混合物料无法直接求出表观动力学参数，建立了多组分反应动力学模型。     

菌丝体表面分子印迹壳聚糖吸附剂对Cr3+的吸附性能研究

菌丝体表面分子印迹吸附剂所保留的印迹对过渡金属离子有着良好的吸附作用,以Cr3 作为吸附离子,系统研究了该吸附剂的吸附特性和影响因素.结果表明:吸附剂对Cr3 的饱和吸附容量可达60 mg/g;其吸附行为满足Langmuir方程式.初始浓度为200 mg/L时,最佳吸附pH在3～4,吸附容量可达到50 mg/g左右,离子强度对吸附没有影响,用0.5 mol/L硝酸或硫酸解吸Cr3 ,解吸率在90%以上.     

磷酸钕共沉淀选择性分离富集-原子吸收测定环境水样中痕量铅

研究提出了用磷酸钕(NdPO4)作为共沉淀捕集剂分离富集环境水样中的痕量Pb2 ,用火焰原子吸收光谱(FAAS)测定的方法.共沉淀受pH、NdCl3和H3PO4溶液用量的影响.结果显示,在溶液pH为3.2时,20 mL水样中加入5 mg/L NdCl3 2 mL、0.5 mol/L H3PO4 3 mL条件下,铅的加标回收率为96.6%～104.2%,方法的检测限为5.7×10-3 mg/L,水体中常见碱金属、碱土金属离子及阴离子在一定范围内不影响测定.     

室内霉菌污染原因及其控制对策

通过对建筑墙体内湿气迁移过程的研究，详细分析了霉菌污染产生的原因。通过夏、冬两季平均气候条件下沿墙厚度温度、相对湿度分布和湿积累量的具体计算，得出墙内的相对湿度将达到或超过70％，有时甚至处于饱和状态，从而为霉菌的生长提供了有利条件。基于分析结果，提出了对于室内霉菌污染的控制对策。