Satellite imagery: a way to monitor water quality for the future?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Monitoring water at high spatial and temporal resolutions is important for maintaining water quality because the cost of pollution remediation is...     

Algal uptake of dissolved organic nitrogen in wastewater treatment plants

The algal uptake of dissolved organic nitrogen(DON) in the anaerobic–anoxic–oxic(A_2O)process was investigated in this study. Anaerobic, aerobic and effluent DON samples from two wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) were separated into hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions using a DAX-8 resin coupled with an anion exchange resin and a nanofiltration(NF)pretreatment. Hydrophilic DON accounted for 66.66%–88.74% of the entire DON for the two plants evaluated. After a 15-day incubation, 16.95%–91.75% DON was bioavailable for algal growth, and untreated samples exhibited higher DON bioavailability, with 52.83% DON average uptake rates, compared with the hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions(45.53% and 44.40%, respectively) because the pretreatment caused the inorganic salt to be resistant to algae. Anaerobic untreated samples, hydrophilic fractions and hydrophobic fractions showed higher DON reduction rates and higher biomass accumulation compared with the other DON fractions due to the decomposition of resistant organics by anaerobic and anoxic bacteria.DON in aerobic and effluent samples of plant A was more bioavailable than that of plant B with usages of 27.49%–55.26% DON. DON bioavailability in the anaerobic–anoxic–oxic process decreased in the following order: anaerobic effluent aerobic. The DON contents were reduced after anaerobic treatment in the two plants. The EEM-PARAFAC model identified three DON components, including two humic acid-like substances and one protein-like substance in plant A and two protein-like substances and one humic acid-like substance in plant B.     

序批式膜反应器同步硝化和反硝化的特性

为提高污水生物脱氮处理的效率和减少外加碳源,研究了序批式膜反应器(SBBR)在有氧情况下处理生活污水中同步硝化和反硝化的特性.试验表明,原水TN为80～110mg/L和溶解氧浓度为0.8～4.0mg/L情况下,出水TN小于15mg/L,NH₃^-N去除率达100%,TN去除率54%～77%,NH₃^-N容积负荷率为47～94mg/(L·d),TN容积负荷率为56～113mg/(L·d).TN的变化规律为在NH₃^-N降到零或最小之前,TN持续降低之后,TN有短时的上升后再缓慢降低.在较大的溶解氧浓度范围内,SBBR具有同步硝化和反硝化的能力,建议将NH₃^-N降解到零或最小值的时刻,作为同步硝化和反硝化的结束点.     

造纸污泥固化/稳定化处理技术研究

为了能更好地无害化处理造纸污泥,对造纸污泥的固化/稳定化处理技术进行了研究。以水泥、粉煤灰和煤渣作为固化剂对造纸污泥进行固化/稳定化处理。通过抗压强度评价污泥固化块的力学性质;并对固化块浸出液的COD浓度与重金属质量浓度进行了检测。当水泥、粉煤灰和煤渣的掺量分别为0.12、0.02和0.10 kg/kg,养护时间为6 d时,固化块抗压强度达到360 kPa。结果表明,水泥和煤渣对提高造纸污泥固化块的抗压强度具有促进作用,而它们与粉煤灰对造纸污泥中的有机质和重金属均具有一定的固化作用。在以上条件下,固化块浸出液中COD浓度约为115.7 mg/L,重金属浓度符合国家标准。经养护后的固化块含水率均保持在35%~40%,符合填埋场的进场标准。     

F-T合成技术生产替代燃料对环境的影响及对策

主要介绍了F-T合成柴油的特性,阐述了其作为清洁能源的优越性;利用生命周期清单分析方法,比较了以煤、生物质及天然气为原料采用F-T合成技术生产替代能源的工艺路线前提下,在提取生产、转化精炼、运输分配、最终用途燃烧、全部燃料链各阶段温室气体排放情况,提出了温室气体的减排对策。     

场地土-群桩基础-结构体系动力响应研究——大型振动台系列试验方案设计

以饱和砂土液化后场地失效模式特征与场地失效时群桩基础地震反应破坏机理为研究目的,依托中国建筑科学研究院大型模拟地震振动台系统,开展可液化场地、非液化场地在水平地震动激励下桩-土-结构动力相互作用动力体系大型振动台系列试验。基于本次系列试验研究对象以及试验目的,阐述了系列试验中动力模型体系相似比设计的基本原则、地基的制备、模型结构制作、各个种类传感器的选择与布设、输入地震记录的选取与工况安排等内容,介绍了阵列式位移计、非接触式位移动态采集系统等新型传感测试设备,并对所采用的层状单向剪切模型土箱设计合理性与科学性进行了验证。由之后的试验结果可知,本次系列试验设计方案是合理、可靠的,层状剪切模型箱的"模型箱效应"很小。     

智慧城市试点政策对城市安全水平的影响研究——基于区域异质性的视角

为探究新的城市管理模式(即智慧城市政策)对城市安全水平的影响,采用我国国内(不含港澳台,下同)156个地级市2007—2019年间的面板数据,结合双重差分法进行评估,利用双重差分倾向得分匹配法(PSM-DID)进一步验证,探讨区域异质性视角下智慧城市试点政策对城市安全水平的影响。研究结果表明：智慧城市试点政策的实施对城市安全水平具有显著的正向促进作用;在控制地区层面因素及各固定效应后,结果证明随着政策实施时间的推移正向促进作用逐渐增强;异质性分析结果表明智慧城市政策对特大型城市及东部地区城市影响较为显著,对非省会城市影响显著大于省会城市。     

Development of a Methodology for Strategic Environmental Assessment: Application to the Assessment of Golf Course Installation Policy in Taiwan

Some countries, including Taiwan, have adopted strategic environmental assessment (SEA) to assess and modify proposed policies, plans, and programs (PPPs) in the planning phase for pursuing sustainable development. However, there were only some sketchy steps focusing on policy assessment in the system of Taiwan. This study aims to develop a methodology for SEA in Taiwan to enhance the effectiveness associated with PPPs. The proposed methodology comprises an SEA procedure involving PPP management and assessment in various phases, a sustainable assessment framework, and an SEA management system. The SEA procedure is devised based on the theoretical considerations by systems thinking and the regulative requirements in Taiwan. The positive and negative impacts on ecology, society, and economy are simultaneously considered in the planning (including policy generation and evaluation), implementation, and control phases of the procedure. This study used the analytic hierarchy process, Delphi technique, and systems analysis to develop a sustainable assessment framework. An SEA management system was built based on geographic information system software to process spatial, attribute, and satellite image data during the assessment procedure. The proposed methodology was applied in the SEA of golf course installation policy in 2001 as a case study, which was the first SEA in Taiwan. Most of the 82 existing golf courses in 2001 were installed on slope lands and caused a serious ecological impact. Assessment results indicated that 15 future golf courses installed on marginal lands (including buffer zones, remedied lands, and wastelands) were acceptable because the comprehensive environmental (ecological, social, and economic) assessment value was better based on environmental characteristics and management regulations of Taiwan. The SEA procedure in the planning phase for this policy was completed but the implementation phase of this policy was not begun because the related legislation procedure could not be arranged due to a few senators’ resistance. A self-review of the control phase was carried out in 2006 using this methodology. Installation permits for 12 courses on slope lands were terminated after 2001 and then 27 future courses could be installed on marginal lands. The assessment value of this policy using the data on ecological, social, and economic conditions from 2006 was higher than that using the data from 2001. The analytical results illustrate that the proposed methodology can be used to effectively and efficiently assist the related authorities for SEA.     

Study on recycled asphalt concrete for use in surface course in airport pavement

This research investigated the possibility of using recycled asphalt concrete as surface course in airport pavement. The basic properties of recycled asphalt binder after short- and long-term aging were firstly tested and compared with those of the virgin asphalt. Then, a series of laboratory tests were performed to evaluate the performance of recycled asphalt concrete (containing 40% and 70% RAP), in which the HMA mixture without RAP was used as a control. Furthermore, an experimental pavement consisting of three sections (corresponding to 0%, 40% and 70% RAP content) was constructed to verify the laboratory test results. These results indicated that the recycled asphalt could achieve the similar properties against long-term aging as virgin asphalt. Recycled asphalt concrete containing 40% RAP could be used as surface course in airport pavement as it exhibited similar performance as control mixture both from the laboratory and experimental pavement test results. On the contrary, recycled asphalt concrete containing 70% RAP was not recommended as its fatigue property was much poorer compared with that of virgin asphalt mixture.