达赉湖水质状况及影响因素分析

达赉湖位于呼伦贝尔市内,属额尔古纳水系。根据呼伦贝尔市环境监测站对达赉湖多年水质监测结果和达赉湖国家自然保护区管理局关于达赉湖水文水情监测报告显示:2004~2007年,达赉湖为劣Ⅴ类水质,重度污染,水质无明显变化。由于受高纬度及近年来连续干旱、湖泊周边放牧、地表径流的影响,达赉湖水体呈现盐碱化和富营养化,而且进程在加速。     

常温条件下UASB+SBR工艺处理甲胺、甲醇废水试验研究

甲胺、甲醇及其产品均具有较强的毒性和危险性,因此含甲胺的废水须经一定处理达标后才能排放.以山东肥城某化工厂含甲胺、甲醇混合(体积比1∶1)废水.在常温条件下,采用厌氧 好氧(UASB SBR)2级串联组合工艺进行处理.该甲胺,甲醇混合废水呈酸性,COD浓度较高.其BOD与COD比值为0.64.可生化性良好.试验中调整、控制UASB和SBR反应器的各运行参数,通过检测处理效果比较得出该工艺在常温条件下处理该化工废水的最佳运行参数值.试验结果表明UASB在常温下运行81d,启动基本完成.UASB最佳水力停留时间为24h整个工艺对COD有机物有一定的去除效果,COD平均去除率为68.14%;系统的TN去除效率较为稳定.平均去除率可达72.3%.出水TN浓度在16.56mg/L以下;系统有一定的抗冲击负荷能力,但不是很强;系统有一定的耐低温性,低温环境下(9.0～14.2'C.平均为12.3℃)系统COD平均去除率为55.80%,UASB反应器未发生酸化现象.     

环境保护纪念日活动的经验

总结了策划和组织环境保护纪念日活动的一些做法和取得的效果,以"六.五"世界环境日为例,进行了主要经验教训的总结。     

A/O+人工湿地工艺在乡镇污水处理厂的应用

A/O(缺氧/好氧)+复合流人工湿地处理工艺处理增城市派潭镇的酒店污水、餐饮污水、生活污水等,出水水质达到地表水Ⅲ类水质标准,可回用于农田灌溉,且处理工艺简单,处理效果好,运行稳定。     

秋季南海珠江口和北部湾溶解有机物的光降解

利用三维荧光光谱分析手段,结合吸收光谱测定,分析了2007年10月中国珠江口及北部湾水体中4个典型有色溶解有机物(CDOM)样在太阳光辐照下的光降解特性.结果表明,珠江口及广西沿海CDOM样受陆源输入影响较大,而北部湾中部的HX样具有典型海洋CDOM特征,80m水深的HN样则受到北部湾环流的主要影响.这些CDOM样品中均观测到类腐殖质荧光峰A、C、M以及类色氨酸荧光峰R、T,它们的荧光峰强度及吸收系数a(280)在秋季短期日光辐照下发生了较明显的光化学降解,受陆源输入影响较大的珠江口及广西沿海样品的光降解程度高于北部湾的远岸样品,反映出它们含有更多的发色团.光降解未引起CDOM荧光峰位置的显著变化,类腐殖质荧光峰M和A、类蛋白质荧光峰R和T的强度变化趋势一致,表明这两对峰具有相似的性质.A峰区存在的双峰现象表明其为多个荧光组分的叠加.CDOM吸收光谱的光谱斜率S(270～350)随光辐射而逐渐增加,可用于指示光降解引起的CDOM分子量的减小趋势.研究表明,光降解在南海生源要素的生物地球化学循环中起重要作用.     

Size distribution and di use pollution impacts of PAHs in street dust in urban streams in the Yangtze River Delta

Particles of dust washed o streets by stormwater are an important pathway of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into urban streams. This article presented a comprehensive assessment of the size distribution of PAHs in street dust particles, the potential risks of the particles in urban streams, and the sources and sinks of PAHs in the stream network. This assessment was based on measurements of 16 PAHs from the USEPA priority list in street dust particles and river sediments in Xincheng, China. The content of total PAHs ranged from 1629 to 8986 g/kg in street dust particles, where smaller particles have a higher concentrations. Approximately 55% of the total PAHs were associated with particles less than 250 m which accounted for 40% of the total mass of street dust. The PAH quantities increased from 2.41 to 46.86 g/m2 in the sequence of new residential, rising through main roads, old town residential, commercial and industrial areas. The sediments in stream reaches in town were found to be sinks for street dust particle PAHs. The research findings suggested that particle size, land use and the hydrological conditions in the stream network were the factors which most influenced the total loads of PAH in the receiving water bodies.     

陆生无脊椎动物监测土壤重金属污染

随着农药、杀虫剂的大量施放,土壤重金属污染也正在日益严重,土壤重金属污染正在日益受到人们的关注,如何利用土壤动物监测这些污染具有极其重要的意义,而陆生无脊椎动物对于监测土壤重金属污染起到重要的作用.文章综述了陆生无脊椎动物监测土壤重金属污染的研究进展.     

Effect of artificial aeration on the performance of vertical-flow constructed wetland treating heavily polluted river water

Three lab-scale vertical-flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs), including the non-aerated (NA), intermittently aerated (IA) and continuously aerated (CA) ones, were operated at different hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) to evaluate the effect of artificial aeration on the treatment efficiency of heavily polluted river water. Results indicated that artificial aeration increased the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in IA and CA, which significantly favored the removal of organic matter and NH₄⁺-N. The DO grads caused by intermittent aeration formed aerobic and anoxic regions in IA and thus promoted the removal of total nitrogen (TN). Although the removal efficiencies of COD_Cr, NH₄⁺-N and TN in the three VFCWs all decreased with an increase in HLR, artificial aeration enhanced the reactor resistance to the fluctuation of pollutant loadings. The maximal removal efficiencies of COD_Cr, NH₄⁺-N and total phosphorus (TP) (i.e., 81%, 87% and 37%, respectively) were observed in CA at 19 cm/day HLR, while the maximal TN removal (i.e., 57%) was achieved in IA. Although the improvement of artificial aeration on TP removal was limited, this study has demonstrated the feasibility of applying artificial aeration to VFCWs treating polluted river water, particularly at a high HLR.     

运用水质指数法评价厦门石兜—坂头水库水质

石兜—坂头水库是厦门市的重要饮用水水源地,其水质的好坏直接影响供水安全保障。根据2007年11月-2011年10月的水质监测数据,参照GB 3838-2002Ⅱ类水质标准,将27项水质监测指标分为3类,计算历年丰、平、枯水期水质综合指数(WQI),评价水质状况。结果表明:①难处理的毒性污染指标的WQI值小于10,远未危及水质安全;②易净化的污染指标中高锰酸盐指数、五日生化需氧量、大肠杆菌等在个别时段超标;③影响水质的最主要指标是总磷和总氮,单项指数常年保持在40以上,并曾一度接近80,达到Ⅳ类水质标准,水体受到一定的氮、磷污染。④4年来,水质变化处于相对比较稳定的状态,丰、平、枯水期水质变化不甚明显,最大WQI为33.3,水质评价为优良,是合格的供水水源地。就污染物成因及该水源地保护措施进行了探讨。     

News

Western China has lagged a lot in terms of industrial structure and economic development, compared with the national average. And China announced its target of CO₂ emission reduction, i.e. by 2020, CO₂ emission per GDP will drop by 40–45% compared with 2005. The target will be incorporated into China’s long-term industrial planning. Against this background, this paper will make a comprehensive examination of the industrial development of Western China, aiming to discover a green and compatible way. First, we analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of regional industrial structure for the period 2000–2010. Second, we try to discover the industrial structure optimization path for Western China by employing the Vector Auto Regression model. Lastly, we try to provide some advice and suggestions for further industrial development in Western China. Our examination shows that further industrial development in Western China should pay full attention to resource conservation and recycling, and develop on a green and compatible path.