Socioeconomic constraints on the technological choices in rural sewage treatment

Technological innovation is one of the potential engines to mitigate environmental pollution. However, the implementation of new technologies sometimes fails owing to socioeconomic constraints from different stakeholders. Thus, it is essential to analyze constraints of environmental technologies in order to build a pathway for their implementation. In this study, taking three technologies on rural sewage treatment in Hangzhou, China as a case study, i.e., wastewater treatment plant (WTP), constructed wetland (CW), and biogas system, we analyzed how socioeconomic constraints affect the technological choices. Results showed that socioeconomic constraints play a key role through changing the relative opportunity cost of inputs from government as compared to that of residents to deliver the public good—sewage treatment—under different economic levels. Economic level determines the technological choice, and the preferred sewage treatment technologies change from biogas system to CW and further to WTP along with the increase of economic level. Mismatch of technological choice and economic level results in failures of rural sewage treatment, e.g., the CW only work well in moderately developed regions in Hangzhou. This finding expands the environmental Kuznets law by introducing the coproduction theory into analysis (i.e., inputs from both government and residents are essential for the delivery of public goods and services such as good environmental quality). A match between technology and socioeconomic conditions is essential to the environmental governance.

     

基于屋面绿化工程的油烟废气生物处理研究

利用自主筛选驯化的菌株,自制模拟屋面绿化工程的生物填料塔反应器,以屋面绿化工程中的营养土、绿色植物为天然生物材料,通过营养土和植物组成的生物过滤系统对油烟废气进行生物处理研究。考察了反应温度、气体停留时间、入口浓度、进气流量和营养液循环量等对油烟废气去除效果的影响。结果表明,当反应温度为33℃左右、停留时间为30 s、入口油烟废气小于3.0 mg/L、进气流量为0.8 L/h、营养液循环量为5 L/h时,对油烟废气有很好的去除效果,去除率可达到90%以上。     

The preparation and evaluation mechanism of mesoporous spherical silica/porous carbon-filled polypropylene composites obtained from coal gasification fine slag

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Coal gasification fine slag is a by-product of the entrained-flow gasifier, which has caused some environmental pollution. Through acid dissolution...     

榆林地区地下水有机污染特征初步分析

本文在区域水文地质和污染源调查的基础上,对榆林地区地下水有机污染进行初步分析。结果发现,该地区地下水有机污染具有检出种类多、检出率高、浓度低、超标率低的特点。地下水中检出的有机污染物共有18种,检出的16项有机污染物含量均低于《地下水质量标准》(GB/T14848-2007)三类水限值。潜水与承压水的检出率几乎相当,但潜水的检出项数高于承压水。不同区域有机指标的污染程度不同,定靖横油气田区神府矿区榆阳区。不同地貌类型的有机污染物检出率为黄土区(17.65%)河谷区(14.93%)平原区(11.11%)沙漠滩地区(8.60%)。     

太湖流域源头南苕溪河口生态工程恢复及其初期水质净化效应

针对太湖流域源头溪流农业面源污染严重和生态拦截净化较弱的问题,采用生态工程措施于南苕溪人青山湖水库河口处对河道进行恢复.综合考虑山溪性河流水文水动力特征,通过构建、稳定和保护河口与滨岸带生态系统实现河道恢复目标.所采用关键技术包括:合金钢网石兜抛石技术、深潭-浅滩/塘-洼地组合净化技术、分流沙嘴技术、T-型乱石抛筑透水坝技术、河岸侵蚀面防侵蚀的浅滩沙洲场技术、植被缓冲带技术、水生植物恢复技术等.对河口生态工程区进行连续9个月的监测结果显示,工程区上段浅滩及分流沙嘴区能有效复氧,提升pH值并降低电导率,同时对总磷、活性磷和悬浮颗粒物有较好的去除效果;中段深潭区通过强化的微生物活性能有效去除铵态氮与亚硝态氮;下游T-型坝能较好地拦截并沉积河口冲刷物质,但需对其定期清理以防引发二次污染.河口生态工程运行初期较好地改善了河道结构并提升了河流自净能力,对河流生态恢复最具指示作用的水质指标溶解氧饱和度、铵态氮去除率在工程实施后较工程实施前平均分别提高了14.5％、14.7％.     

重金属积累对土壤酶活性的影响

研究了华北平原某铅冶炼厂附近农田33个土壤样品中重金属积累对土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明,样品中Pb和Cd全量的平均值分别为144和559 mg·kg-1,DTPA态Pb和Cd含量平均值分别为54.1和0.964 mg· kg-1,均超过了未污染农田潮土的正常范围,而Cu、Ni和Zn的有效性和全量与未污染土壤接近;土壤过氧化氢酶活性与DTPA态Pb和Cd含量、全Pb含量均呈显著的负线性关系(P＜0.01);与磷酸酶和脲酶相比,土壤脱氢酶活性更易受到土壤中Pb和Cd积累的影响;随DT-PA -Ni含量增加,土壤蛋白酶和碱性磷酸酶活性增加(P＜0.1);土壤脲酶活性与重金属全量或有效态重金属含量无显     

Development of a solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the determination of pentachlorophenol in human plasma using experimental design

A new method, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with in situ derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which was used for the determination of trace amount of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in human plasma was presented. The acetylation derivatization reaction was firstly optimized using a Doehlert design. Then a series of parameters relevant to the headspace SPME procedure, including fiber coating, extraction temperature, extraction time and salt addition, were optimized using a two-level full factorial design expanded further to a central composite design. The validation of method showed that the optimized method had good linearity (R(2)=0.999) within the concentration ranges 0.1-50.0ngml(-1), and was sensitive with the limit of detection of 0.02ngml(-1). Intra- and inter-day precision for pentachlorophenol in human plasma samples were not greater than 11.9% and 12.6%, respectively. The proposed method, to our knowledge, describes the first application of HS-SPME with GC-MS for analysis of PCP in blood plasma sample. Application of the method to real human plasma samples, PCP was successfully detected in some cases at concentration levels 1.2-6.3ngml(-1).     

Cooperative Game Among Cities in Urban Agglomerations and Economical Sustainable Development

Abstract

This paper analyses redounded profits of cooperation and non-cooperation among cities in urban agglomerations based on game theory. It discusses the problems of economical development among cities with feeble cooperation, and deduces the conclusion that only cooperation of cities produces the maximum profits and realizes Pareto efficiency for cities and urban agglomerations. The paper states that cooperation is the cornerstone of economic sustainable development in urban agglomerations in profits produced by cooperation among cities. Some suggestions to accelerate cooperation among cities are proposed.     

西安地裂缝的数值模拟研究

在分析总结西安地裂缝基本特征的基础上,采用二维有限单元法,对西安地裂缝进行了数值模拟,并从土动力学角度探讨了地裂缝的形成机制．结果表明,西安市区超采地下承压水导致地面不均匀沉降是西安地裂缝产生和发展的主要原因。故认为只有通过对地下承压水的合理开采,控制西安市区地面的不均匀沉降,才是减缓西安地裂缝活动的根本对策。