北运河上游昌平区化肥面源污染年际间差异分析

以2014年、2017年260份调查问卷和582个土壤样品及年度农用化肥总量为依据,梳理了昌平区年际间施肥量、土壤养分、氮磷环境风险和污染源变化,以期为北运河上游化肥面源污染防控提供理论依据.结果表明,相比于2014年,2017年粮食、果类蔬菜、叶类蔬菜和草莓的化肥平均用量分别减少了26.3％、25.5％、20.4％和...     

Study on Community Diversity of Coastal Shelter Forest in Jiaonan

Evaluating the biodiversity of previous and current species in a forest community is an important task. Some methodological researches and effective applications have been carried out widely in the temperate upland zone. However, they lack related researches in coastal shelter forests. This paper attempts to analyze them for Jiaonan coastal forest communities from the following three aspects, the relationship between plant biodiversity structure and its environment, the nexus between biodivers…     

生态环境脆弱地区油气田开发生态保护措施探讨

我国许多油气田处于生态环境脆弱地区,石油开采以及油气集输、储运等工程对生态环境的影响非常突出。文章依据生态保护的原则提出了油气田开发规划、设计、施工以及施工后几个阶段应当采取的生态保护措施,同时还提出了施工结束后的一些生态恢复措施,以供借鉴。     

温度、盐度和光照对球形棕囊藻生长和产毒的影响研究

为阐明溶血毒素的生物合成机制、正确认识和评价球形棕囊藻赤潮的危害,设计了盐度、温度、光照三因素三水平正交实验,考查了不同盐度、温度、光照条件下球形棕囊藻的生长和产毒的变化,分析了盐度、温度、光照强度对球形棕囊藻生长和产毒的影响.结果显示,温度是影响球形棕囊藻生长和产毒的显著因子,盐度和光照的影响不显著.30℃时球形棕囊藻比生长速率最大,藻细胞产毒能力最强,但所能到达的藻密度最小.在盐度为22、33、40,温度为20、25、30 ℃,光照为2000、4000、5000 lx的所有实验组合中,盐度为40、温度为30℃、光照为4000 lx时球形棕囊藻细胞产毒能力最强,盐度为40、温度为30℃、光照为5000 lx时球形棕囊藻的比生长速率最大.     

气密性涂层织物的撕裂和顶破性能探讨

本文测试分析了4种涂层织物涂层前后撕裂和顶破性能，研究表明涂层织物平均撕裂强力趋于下降，撕裂强力均匀；涂层织物因织物和薄膜的共同作用，顶破形态呈矩形变化与基布的组织结构有密切关系，涂层后顶破强力变大。     

采油废水COD_(cr)处理设计和实验研究

针对某油田采油污水处理工艺不能有效去除ＣＯＤ_(ｃｒ),致使处理后水中的ＣＯＤ_(ｃｒ)不能满足ＧＢ８９７８－１９９６《污水综合排放标准》要求的情况,进行了采油废水ＣＯＤ_(ｃｒ)处理试验研究和工艺方案设计。通过小型动态试验研究,初步提出了经济上可行、技术上有效、流程较简单、运行安全可靠的废水治理方案,并确定了关键的技术参数。     

A single-chain-based multidimensional Markov chain model for subsurface characterization

Multidimensional Markov chain models in geosciences were often built on multiple chains, one in each direction, and assumed these 1-D chains to be independent of each other. Thus, unwanted transitions (i.e., transitions of multiple chains to the same location with unequal states) inevitably occur and have to be excluded in estimating the states at unobserved locations. This consequently may result in unreliable estimates, such as underestimation of small classes (i.e., classes with smaller than average areas) in simulated realizations. This paper presents a single-chain-based multidimensional Markov chain model for estimation (i.e., prediction and conditional stochastic simulation) of spatial distribution of subsurface formations with borehole data. The model assumes that a single Markov chain moves in a lattice space, interacting with its nearest known neighbors through different transition probability rules in different cardinal directions. The conditional probability distribution of the Markov chain at the location to be estimated is formulated in an explicit form by following the Bayes’ Theorem and the conditional independence of sparse data in cardinal directions. Since no unwanted transitions are involved, the model can estimate all classes fairly. Transiogram models (i.e., 1-D continuous Markov transition probability diagrams) are used to provide transition probability input with needed lags to generalize the model. Therefore, conditional simulation can be conducted directly and efficiently. The model provides an alternative for heterogeneity characterization of subsurface formations.

如何提高环境监测数据的质量

环境监测数据的质量是否具有代表性、准确性、精密性、可比性和完整性,将直接影响到环境监测为环境管理服务的质量、环境执法的公正性和严肃性以及政府环境决策的科学性,关系到科学发展观和国民经济可持续发展战略的正确实施,本文通过＂五性＂来谈一下如何提高监测数据的质量,也就是通过提高环境监测数据的代表性、准确性、精密性、可比性、完整性来提高数据质量,以期对同行有所启发。     

A review on China's constructed wetlands in recent three decades: Application and practice

Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been introduced to and developed in China for environmental engineering over the most prosperous three decades (1990–2020). To study the origin, development process, and future trend of CWs, this review summarized a wide range of literatures between 1990 and 2020 by Chinese authors. Firstly, the publication number over years, research highlights, and the author contributions with the most published papers in this field were conducted through bibliometric analysis. Secondly, the most principal components of CWs, substrates and macrophytes were summarized and analyzed. Thirdly, the typical application cases from traditional CWs, pond systems to combined pond-wetland systems were presented. In China, CWs were predominately distributed in the east of the so-called 'Hu Huanyong Line'. Therefore CWs were limited by the socio-economic level and climatic conditions. It is unquestionable that the overall level of China's CWs has improved significantly, and one of the most prominent features has started towards the plural pattern development. There has been a trend of large-scale or low-cost CW application in the recent years. However, lifecycle research and management are required for better strategies in the future.     

褐潮致灾种抑食金球藻在辽东湾的分布

抑食金球藻可产生一种抑制双壳类动物摄食的胞外多糖,导致贝类大量死亡.由于抑食金球藻个体微小、形态学鉴定困难,故在辽东湾海域鲜见其分布报道,而高通量测序技术的发展极大地推动了微型/微微型浮游植物的鉴定研究.以18S rDNA V4区作为目标基因,结合高通量测序技术,设计了微型/微微型浮游植物鉴定引物V4（F/R）,并对辽东湾2014年四季海水中微型和微微型浮游植物多样性进行了检测.结果表明,辽东湾抑食金球藻春季密度（7.743×103 L-1）最高,夏季（2.094×103 L-1）、秋季（0.392×103 L-1）、冬季（0.053×103 L-1）密度逐渐下降,水温是影响该藻暴发的主要因素,也验证了渤海褐潮多暴发在春季的原因.抑食金球藻密度高值区主要分布在与河北秦皇岛交界的绥中海域,该地区与实际暴发褐潮海域相邻,验证了检测结果的可靠性.春季抑食金球藻在西南海域优势度（平均40%）最高,其密度最高达78.128×103 L-1,虽未达到警戒标准,但分布扩散较广,致灾风险较高,应引起足够的重视.