城市河流底泥中汞形态转化规律的研究

黄浦江某支流上海市区河段底泥中汞形态分布的一个显著特征是水溶态汞和酸溶态有机汞之和占很大的比例(8—18％)。通过底泥在静止河水作用下的转化试验,发现底泥中水溶态汞、酸溶态无机汞以及碱溶态汞占总汞的百分含量分别呈一级反应和二级反应的动力学规律而衰减,其它各形态汞则随时间呈指数增加,转化速率几乎均随温度升高而增大,但水溶态汞向水相的释放量甚微,不会污染水体。通过各形态含量之间的相关,发现各种汞形态最终均转化为稳定的王水溶态汞。     

机器的结构噪声源的特性

从实验上获得结构噪声源描述符,并利用源描述符的概念对不同自由度的结构声源特性进行评价。     

张八岭构造带两种类型金矿次显微金赋存状态的质子探针分析

金属硫化物中次显微金的赋存状态已引起人们的重视。张八岭构造带蚀变构造岩型和石英脉型两类金矿金属硫化物中次显微金质子探针分析显示 ,Au与As、Fe、S、Cu、Pb呈正相关关系 ,Au以显微包裹体形式存在于金属硫化物中。与蚀变构造岩型金矿相比 ,晚期的石英脉型金矿可见自然金含量较高 ,硫化物中显微包裹体金含量较低 ,可能预示中低温热液金矿中 ,不仅普遍存在时空分异的金属硫化物中的类质同象金和自然金 ,还可能存在一定程度的时空分异的自然金和次显微包裹体金。     

LaFeO_3和SrFeO_(3-λ)对水溶性染料的光催化降解

采用柠檬酸法合成钙钛矿型复合氧化物LaFeO3和SrFeO3 λ,并以其为光催化剂对不同水溶性染料进行光催化降解实验。结果表明 :SrFeO3 λ的光催化活性明显高于LaFeO3,这与A位离子 (La3+ 、Sr2 + )的电子构型的不同有关。     

NOAA卫星监测巢湖蓝藻水华的试验分析

采用实地水质采样分析、水面光谱测量等实地监测 ,并结合NOAA气象卫星遥感信息 ,对巢湖水华进行星地同步调查监测。结果表明 ,蓝藻叶绿素的存在使得进入近红外波段水体反射率明显上升 ,基于这一光谱特性以及蓝藻特有的漂浮特性 ,可利用NOAA卫星监测巢湖等内陆大面积的严重污染湖泊蓝藻水华的分布状况。     

Membrane fouling control by ultrasound in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor

In this study, ultrasound was used to control the membrane fouling online in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AMBR). Short-term running experiments were carried out under different operating conditions to explore feasible ultrasonic parameters. The experimental results indicated that when the crossflow velocity was more than 1.0 m/s, membrane fouling could be controlled effectively only by hydrodynamic methods without ultrasound. When ultrasound was applied, an ultrasonic power range of 60–150 W was suitable for the membrane fouling control in the experimental system. The experimental results showed that the membrane fouling was controlled so well that membrane filtration resistance (ΣR) could stay at 5 × 10¹¹ m^?1 for more than a week with the crossflow velocity of 0.75 m/s, which equaled the effect of crossflow velocity of more than 1.0 m/s without ultrasound.     

固相萃取结合GC和GC—MS快速测定血浆中局麻药

本文用本实验室发展起来的Ｘ－５大孔高分子树脂固相萃取预处理技术，结合毛细管气相色谱和ＧＣ－ＭＳ，建立了人血浆中１２种局部麻醉药的筛选方法。该方法快速简便，其灵敏度和线性范围满足临床急性中毒分析的要求。     

Energy content at metamorphosis and growth rate of the early juvenile barnacle<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Balanus amphitrite</Emphasis>

The energetic cost of metamorphosis in cyprids of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite Darwin was estimated by quantification of lipid, carbohydrate and protein contents. About 38–58% (4–5 mJ individual^–1) of cypris energy reserves were used during metamorphosis. Lipids accounted for 55–65%, proteins for 34–44% and carbohydrates for <2% of the energy used. Juveniles obtained from larvae fed 10⁶ cells ml^–1 of Chaetoceros gracilis were bigger (carapace length: 560–616 µm) and contained more energy (5.56±0.10 mJ juvenile^–1) than their counterparts (carapace length: 420–462 µm; energy content: 2.49±0.20 mJ juvenile^–1) obtained from larvae fed 10⁴ cells ml^–1. At water temperatures of 30°C and 24°C and food concentrations of 10⁴ and 10² cells ml^–1 (3:1 mixture of C. gracilis and Isochrysis galbana) as well as under field conditions (26.9±3.1°C and 2.2±0.8 µg chlorophyll a l^–1), juveniles obtained from larvae fed the high food concentration grew faster than juveniles obtained from larvae fed low food concentration until 5 days post-metamorphosis. Laboratory experiments revealed a combined effect of early juvenile energy content, temperature and food concentration on growth until 5 days post-metamorphosis. After 10 days post-metamorphosis, the influence of the early juvenile energy content on growth became negligible. Overall, our results indicate that the energy content at metamorphosis is of critical importance for initial growth of juvenile barnacles and emphasize the dependency of the physiological performance of early juvenile barnacles on the larval exposure to food.Communicated by O. Kinne, Oldendorf/LuheAn erratum to this article can be found at     

论政府抓农业的重点所在

针对当前地方政府偏重于高利润农业项目，导致“三高”农业重点旁移的现象，阐述政府抓农业重点的必要住，指出其重点在于：（１）抓调查研究，抓政策；（２）抓农业教育与农业科研；（３）抓既带战略性而农民又力所不及和缺乏积极性的项目；（４）抓农技推广机构和队伍．而高利润的农业项目可由市场来调节．并从发展“三高’农业的需要以及当前出现的农民单施化肥的短期行为、人均耕地面积下降、地力下降、丢荒弃耕的情况等方面阐述政府重点抓培肥地力的重要性．     

湖南种子植物重要科属地理分布研究(二)——五味子科

湖南五味子科植物有2属11种2变种,分布于31个县,多生长在海拔600—1200m的山地灌丛或林中。本文依据湖南五味子科植物的地理分布,结合系统分类,植物区系和土壤资料,经分析和推论得知:1.湖南五味子科植物种质资源丰富,以中国特有种为主,它们与毗邻省区的关系密切。2.湖南五味子科植物区系表现为多种区系成分的过渡与汇集,即华南、华东、华中和滇黔桂4个区系成分的交汇、混杂和过渡。3.湖南五味子科植物的多数种类是从湖南以西地区迁移扩散而来,有的种类是从本省西北或西南以外地区而来,极少数植物在本省西南地区及其周边省区分化形成。4.湘西北至湘西南地区是湖南五味子科植物的现代分布中心,现代分化中心是湘西南地区。