工业污染源产排污系数编码方法与应用

编码是将文字信息转换为计算机编程代码的重要工具.为进一步推进工业污染源产排污系数信息化应用,以2017年版产排污系数为核心,根据产排污系数结构及表达方式,建立工业污染源产排污系数编码体系,分别对产污系数和排放量核算参数两部分进行编码.产污系数编码是对表征产污系数的关键因素进行编码,包括行业类型、产污工段、产品、原料、工...     

掺铁TiO2对庚烷气相光催化活性的研究

以乙酰丙酮铁和钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,制备掺铁TiO2复合光催化剂,以光催化降解正庚烷为反应模型,测定掺铁对TiO2光催化剂的结构、光吸收和光催化活性的影响．XRD的表征结果显示,焙烧温度升高,锐钛矿型TiO2转化成金红石型,且在700℃下有铁板钛矿生成;UV-Vis的结果表明,TiO2掺铁后增强了在可见光区的吸收,并且随着含铁量的增大,红移增大,提高了对可见光的利用率．相同掺铁量(Fe／Ti=0．07)下,500℃焙烧的光催化剂对庚烷的光催化降解活性最高,300℃次之,700℃最差．相同焙烧温度下,掺铁量在0．007-0．07范围内,光催化活性随掺杂量的增大而下降．     

Is being a leader a mixed blessing? A dual‐pathway model linking leadership role occupancy to well‐being

Recent leadership research has drawn greater attention to how the well‐being of leaders influences leadership behaviors, follower performance and well‐being, and overall leadership effectiveness. Yet little attention has been paid to the relationship between occupying leadership positions and job incumbents' well‐being. This research addresses this question by developing and testing a dual‐pathway model. Our model proposes that incumbency in leadership positions is positively related to high levels of both job demands and job control, whereas job demands and job control have offsetting effects on well‐being. Results based on a longitudinal sample revealed that employees who transitioned from nonleadership positions to leadership roles showed trajectories of increasing job demands and job control, whereas such trends were weaker among those who remained in nonleadership positions. Findings from three additional samples generally demonstrated that leadership role occupancy was indirectly related to various indices of psychological and physiological well‐being through job demands and job control. Because the signs of the indirect effects through job demands and job control differed in expected ways, the overall relationship between leadership role occupancy and the well‐being outcomes was generally small and nonsignificant. We discuss research and practical implications of our framework and findings for organizations, employees, and leaders.     

大通湖主要污染物浓度空间分布及其污染来源解析

为了解大通湖主要污染物TN、TP和NH3-N的空间分布特征及污染来源,于2017年9月对大通湖及周边河流进行采样分析。结果表明,大通湖周边入湖河流的ρ(TN)为0. 74～2. 18 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)为0. 094～0. 874 mg/L,ρ(TP)为0. 02～0. 243 mg/L;湖体ρ(TN)为0. 82～1. 47 mg/L,呈现湖体中间低、四周高的特征,ρ(NH3-N)为0. 14～0. 42 mg/L,但整体差异较大,高值区主要在大通湖西南及东部,ρ(TP)为0. 160～0. 289 mg/L,水质为Ⅴ类或劣Ⅴ类,TP为湖体的主要污染物,湖体的ρ(TP)变化呈现出从四周向中部增加的趋势,高值区主要集中在大通湖正南及湖心处;根据2016年大通湖区域污染源统计及入湖污染物计算,大通湖水环境的TP污染负荷大小排序为农田径流畜禽养殖生活污水工业污染网箱养鱼旅游服务。     

近25年三峡库区土地覆被变化及驱动力分析

基于1990、2000、2005、2010和2015年五期30 m空间分辨率土地覆被遥感数据,利用动态度模型和转移矩阵,综合分析了近25 a三峡库区土地覆被的时空格局、变化特征及驱动力。研究结果表明：2015年三峡库区土地覆被以森林和耕地为主,分别占总面积的41.45%和24.58%;1990~2015年三峡库区人工表面、湿地、森林和其他用地的面积增长明显,耕地、灌丛和草地的面积整体减少,区域综合土地覆被动态度呈先增加后稳定的变化趋势,人工表面是最为活跃的土地覆被类型,其次是湿地和耕地;前10 a三峡库区人工表面占用耕地较为突出,后15 a土地覆被类型转换主要为森林、灌丛和耕地转为人工表面和湿地;三峡工程建设、移民安置与迁建、经济发展与城镇化导致人工表面不断扩张,水库蓄水导致湿地面积迅速增加,农业结构调整促使园地面积扩张。三峡库区近25 a来,在退耕还林等生态保护政策影响下,生态环境状况趋于改善,库区森林面积显著增加,坡耕地面积持续减少,但人地矛盾日益突出,研究结果可为后三峡时代库区生态环境保护与社会经济的协调发展提供数据支撑。     

湖南省非一致性极端高温频率特征分析

受气候变化和人类活动等因素影响,水文气象时间序列失去了一致性。以湖南省89个气象站点1960~2013年逐日气温资料为基础,选取年平均日最高温度（AMMT）和超过95th分位值的平均日最高温度（POT）,研究非一致性条件下湖南省极端高温指数的频率特征。结果表明：湖南省89个站点中有59个站点（66.3%）的AMMT序列和23个站点（25.8%）的POT序列呈现显著的非一致性。利用线性矩法和Cramer-von Mises（C-M）检验等方法,发现广义正态分布（GNO）函数能较好地拟合研究区极端高温指数序列。通过还原途径修正非一致性序列,并对修正前、后不同重现期水平下的极端高温指数的估算值进行对比,发现气候变化条件下AMMT序列在湘北、湘中和湘东南地区呈现强度增强和重现期缩短的趋势,而POT序列仅在湘北和湘东南地区呈现出相似的频率特征变化。     

MnO_2陶粒臭氧氧化催化剂的制备及其性能

以凹凸棒土为载体、MnO_2为活性组分,制备了MnO_2陶粒臭氧氧化催化剂,并以草酸为模拟污染物,采用响应面法对催化剂的制备条件进行了优化。实验结果表明:各因素对草酸去除率影响的显著性顺序为MnO_2投加量盐酸溶液质量分数煅烧时间煅烧温度。催化剂的最佳制备条件为:MnO_2投加量200 mg/g,盐酸溶液质量分数20%,煅烧时间2 h,煅烧温度400℃。在初始草酸质量浓度150 mg/L、溶液pH 3.11、臭氧投加量8.10 mg/min、臭氧-氧气曝气量400 m L/min的条件下,最佳条件制备的催化剂在反应30 min时的草酸去除率达66.99%。催化剂具有良好的活性稳定性,且催化过程中Mn~(2+)溶出量低。催化剂具有较大的比表面积,负载的MnO_2类型为α-MnO_2和β-MnO_2。     

膜法解吸CO_2吸收富液

采用中空纤维膜接触器(FMC)作为解吸装置,对吸收了CO_2的N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)溶液(富液)进行膜法解吸实验。考察了CO_2负荷、解吸温度、解吸压力、富液流速和N_2吹扫流量对CO_2解吸率的影响。结果表明,富液中CO_2负荷越大、解吸温度越高、解吸压力越低、富液流速越大、N_2吹扫流量越大,则CO_2解吸率越高。综合考虑,本实验优选的工艺条件为解吸温度45~65℃,解吸压力10~30 k Pa,富液流速0.08 m/s,N_2吹扫流量200 m L/min。     

Bacterial community structure and diversity responses to the direct revegetation of an artisanal zinc smelting slag after 5 years

This comparative field study examined the responses of bacterial community structure and diversity to the revegetation of zinc (Zn) smelting waste slag with eight plant species after 5 years. The microbial community structure of waste slag with and without vegetation was evaluated using high-throughput sequencing. The physiochemical properties of Zn smelting slag after revegetation with eight plant rhizospheres for 5 years were improved compared to those of bulk slag. Revegetation significantly increased the microbial community diversity in plant rhizospheres, and at the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were notably more abundant in rhizosphere slags than those in bulk waste slag. Additionally, revegetation increased the relative abundance of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria such as Flavobacterium, Streptomyces, and Arthrobacter as well as symbiotic N₂ fixers such as Bradyrhizobium. Three dominant native plant species (Arundo donax, Broussonetia papyrifera, and Robinia pseudoacacia) greatly increased the quality of the rhizosphere slags. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the differences in bacterial community structure between the bulk and rhizosphere slags were explained by slag properties, i.e., pH, available copper (Cu) and lead (Pb), moisture, available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), and organic matter (OM); however, available Zn and cadmium (Cd) contents were the slag parameters that best explained the differences between the rhizosphere communities of the eight plant species. The results suggested that revegetation plays an important role in enhancing bacterial community abundance and diversity in rhizosphere slags and that revegetation may also regulate microbiological properties and diversity mainly through changes in heavy metal bioavailability and physiochemical slag characteristics.

     

Comparative study on the removal efficiency of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) using three different packings

To improve the removal efficiency on hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), a biofilter was developed and was made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes. The effects of three different packings (i.e., packing A, packing B, and packing C), containing different proportions of activated carbon, sawdust, wormcast, perlite, and pig manure compost, based on different biofilter parameters on H₂S removal efficiency, were investigated. With the extension of running time, the H₂S removal rate of packing A reached up to 90.12%, that of packing B reached a peak at 92.96%, and that of packing C was highest at 87.21%. The contribution rate of each packing at the bottom of the device was significantly greater (p < 0.01) than that of other parts, and those of the top of the devices were all greater than those of the middle of the devices. The H₂S removal rate increased with greater filler layer height. The removal rate of group B increased first with humidity, and then declined, with the optimal humidity level for the removal of H₂S 50–65% in this study. With the prolongation of the run, the pH of packing A was reduced from 7.1 to 5.91, while the pH of packing B and C remained within the range of 6.53–7.10. An increase was found in the number of bacteria and fungi over time. The count of bacteria in packing B and C and following a decreasing order was bottom > middle > top, whereas that for fungi was the opposite. In conclusion, it is thought that packing B (comprising wormcast + sawdust + activated carbon) is more efficient in the removal of H₂S than the other packings and may thus be utilized in biofilters. These results hope to provide useful information for future related research on the removal efficiency of H₂S using packings.

Implications: Wormcasts use as biological filter packing to remove H₂S is limited and needs yet to be explored. A comparative study on the removal efficiency of H₂S using three packings showed the packings that included wormcast were more efficient than others, and showed the combined features of physical absorption and biological removal with long sustainability and good efficiency, although these were largely influenced by environmental factors and nutrient content for the microorganisms. In summary, wormcast could be utilized in biological filters in the future in related research beacuse of its good efficiency and low cost.