曲霉HD_1的分离及其对染料脱色特性的研究

曲霉ＨＤ１的分离及其对染料脱色特性的研究李孱白景华文艺辉陈怀新（湖北大学生命科学系，武汉４３００６２）李林（华中农业大学微生物系，武汉４３００７０）关键词虎红；偶氮染料；曲霉；脱色；降解．高效的染料脱色菌是解决染料对环境污染的基础和关键．虽然已有许...     

试论三江平原生态地质环境保护的对策

生态地质环境的保护的目的旨在人类丰富多彩的经济生活和尽可能完美的生态地质环境的统一,两者是辩证关系.发展经济的前提是保护好生态地质环境;反过来,保护好生态地质环境的结果也能促进经济的发展.健康良好的生态地质环境,给人类以富裕、美好、永远发展的象征;畸形的生态地质环境,给人类以死亡、贫穷、停滞不前的象征.为此提出12条保护地质环境的措施和对策.     

化学危险品储运项目环境风险评价实例

以某工厂的危险货物铁路专用线项目为例，对化学危险品储运项目环境风险评价的特点、内容、方法等进行探讨。     

海洲香薷种群微量金属元素的累积分布特征

分析了大冶铜绿山铜矿区海洲香薷种群几种微量金属元素的吸收累积和分布特征、生殖分配( RA)特征及植物与土壤元素的关系 ,并就该植物对铜等金属元素的耐受性进行了初步探讨。结果显示 ,该植物生长的土壤重金属元素含量很高 ,其中 Cu的含量 (平均 5 843μg/ g)是背景值的 2 0 0多倍。 Cu、Mn、Zn、Cd、Pb几种微量金属元素的含量 ,以 Cu最高 ,Cd最低。几种元素的大小顺序表现为 :Cu>Mn>Zn>Pb>Cd。不同元素在植物不同构件的含量为 :Cu,根 >花 >叶 >茎 ;Mn,叶 >根 >花 >茎 ;Zn,叶 >花 >茎 >根 ;Cd,叶 >花 >根 >茎 ;Pb,根 >叶 >茎 >花。这几种元素的 RA范围为 10 %～ 40 % ,平均为 2 4.97% ;生物量 RA为 2 6.5 %。植物铜元素与土壤显著正相关。海洲香薷对铜等金属具有很强的耐受性。     

Exploring the abundance and influencing factors of antimicrobial resistance genes in manure plasmidome from swine farms

Plasmids play a critical role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), however, a systematical understanding of ARGs originated from plasmids in swine production is currently lacking. Herein, quantitative polymerase chain reaction was applied to determine the prevalence of ten ARGs and the class1 integron gene intI1 of plasmid source in swine manure from 44 farms in Sichuan, Hubei and Hebei provinces, China. All assayed ARGs were observed in plasmid DNA samples, and the average absolute abundance of aac(6’)-Ib-cr, bla_NDM, bla_CTX-M, optrA, ermB, floR, mcr-1, qnrS, tetM, sul1 and intI1 were 7.09, 2.90, 4.67, 6.62, 7.55, 7.14, 4.08, 4.85, 7.16, 7.11 and 8.07 of 10 log copies/gram, respectively. IntI1 showed a high correlation (r > 0.8, P < 0.01) with the abundance of aac(6’)-Ib-cr and sul1 in swine manure. Moreover, the farm scale (i.e., herd population) and geographical location were not found to be critical factors influencing the absolute abundance of ARGs of plasmid DNA in swine farms. However, the concentrations of florfenicol, Cu, Zn, Fe, total phosphorus (TP) and total potassium (TK) demonstrated a significant correlation with the abundance of several ARGs. Particularly, Cu and Zn had high correlations with optrA and bla_CTX-M, respectively. Our results demonstrated that antibiotics, heavy metals and environmental nutrients are likely jointly contributing to the long-term persistence of ARGs in swine production. This study provides insights into the abundance and influencing factors of ARGs from swine manure, which is of significance for assessing and reducing the public health risks in livestock production.     

昆明红壤环境下酸沉降对二种树木生长的影响

将昆明红壤人工酸化后进行树木生长实验。发现昆明红壤的酸缓冲能力非常大。在 12 0meqH /Lsoil的酸添加处理区也没有发现树木生长的显著下降。根据实际情况判断 ,认为没有必要继续加大酸添加强度进行实验     

不同取样方式对煤层瓦斯含量测定的研究分析

快速实现原位取样是准确测定煤层瓦斯含量的基础,为研究不同取样方式对瓦斯含量测定的影响,以淮南潘二煤矿11223工作面为例,对比深孔定点取样与孔口接粉取样方式下取样效果,并对采取的煤样利用直接法进行瓦斯含量测定对比分析。结果表明:深孔定点取样装置满足现场取样要求,且采用深孔定点方式取样可提高瓦斯含量测定准确性。     

带压注浆封孔技术在汪家寨煤矿的应用

为改进汪家寨煤矿的瓦斯抽采钻孔封孔技术,提高封孔质量,针对目前封孔工艺存在的问题,提出以新型无机封孔材料、封孔器为一体的"两堵一注"带压注浆封孔技术。现场的应用试验表明,考察期内试验钻孔平均瓦斯体积分数达到了60%以上,有效提高试验钻孔的封孔质量,为下一步的封孔工艺优化改进提供了参考及建议。     

曝气生态滤池中微生物群落组成及物种多样性

为研究曝气生态滤池滤料表面物种多样性及其净水机理,通过高通量测序和生物信息分析对曝气生态滤池（EAF）中2种填料的不同DO区域微生物丰度和多样性进行研究和分析.结果表明,在EAF运行过程中,变形菌门所占比例均在71%以上,具有绝对优势,优势菌群的大量增殖使装置具有较高的TN去除率（67%）,其中好氧区海绵铁表面样本优势菌群比例最高,达到77.49%,表明海绵铁在曝气条件下更适合优势菌群变形菌门的繁殖;Alpha多样性分析发现EAF内填料表面生物膜中微生物菌落丰度均高于空白样,表明EAF较自然环境更适合微生物生长;Beta多样性分析发现装置由于曝气使优势菌群变形菌门在填料表面大量繁殖,限制了其他菌种繁殖,虽然生物多样性略有降低,但随着优势菌群大量增殖从而提升了对TN的去除能力.     

Characterization of a new smog chamber for evaluating SAPRC gas-phase chemical mechanism

A new state-of-the-art indoor smog chamber facility (CAPS-ZJU) has been constructed and characterized at Zhejiang University, which is designed for chemical mechanism evaluation under well-controlled conditions. A series of characterization experiments were performed to validate the well-established experimental protocols, including temperature variation pattern, light spectrum and equivalent intensity (J_NO2), injection and mixing performance, as well as gases and particle wall loss. In addition, based on some characterization experiments, the auxiliary wall mechanism has been setup and examined. Fifty chamber experiments were performed across a broad range of experimental scenarios, and we demonstrated the ability to utilize these chamber data for evaluating SAPRC chemical mechanism. It was found that the SAPRC-11 can well predict the O₃ formation and NO oxidation for almost all propene runs, with 6 hr Δ(O₃ – NO) model error of –3% ± 7%, while the final O₃ was underestimated by ~20% for isoprene experiments. As for toluene and p-xylene experiments, it was confirmed that SAPRC-11 has significant improvement on aromatic chemistry than earlier version of SAPRC-07, although the aromatic decay rate was still underestimated to some extent. The model sensitivity test has been carried out, and the most sensitive parameters identified are the initial concentrations of reactants and the light intensity as well as HONO offgasing rate and O₃ wall loss rate. All of which demonstrated that CAPS-ZJU smog chamber could derive high quality experimental data, and could provide insights on chamber studies and chemical mechanism development.