Contamination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in a typical marine aquaculture farm: source tracking of ARGs in reared aquatic organisms

Abstract

Although the prevalence and concentrations of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquaculture is receiving increasing scientific interest, there is little understanding of the direct sources and dissemination pathways of ARGs in marine aquaculture-reared organisms. This study investigated the dynamics of ARGs and the bacterial community throughout the rearing period in a typical marine aquaculture farm in South China. The results demonstrated that sul1 and qnrD were predominant in the sediment, and qnrD and qnrA were predominant in the intestinal tracts of shrimps. Network analysis showed that the chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, suspended solids, and total phosphorus were positively correlated with the predominant ARGs. The results of the network and source tracking analyses indicate that environmental factors and the bacterial community may drive the dissemination of ARGs dissemination in the environment and in shrimp reared by marine aquaculture, and sediment is the most direct and important medium in this dissemination. These results aid in improving our understanding of the sources, level, and dissemination of ARGs in marine aquaculture.     

吹扫捕集/GC-冷原子荧光法测定包装饮用水中烷基汞

采用吹扫捕集/气相色谱-冷原子荧光法测定包装饮用水中烷基汞(甲基汞和乙基汞)。通过优化试剂和仪器条件,使方法在0.100 ng/L～10.0 ng/L范围内线性良好。当取样体积为25 mL时,甲基汞和乙基汞的方法检出限分别为0.005 5 ng/L和0.004 2 ng/L,市售某品牌包装饮用天然泉水3个质量浓度水平的加标回收率为90.5%～106%,6次测定结果的RSD为0.4%～1.9%。将该方法用于各品牌包装饮用水样品的测定,甲基汞和乙基汞均为未检出。     

Phosphorus transformation under the influence of aluminum,organic carbon,and dissolved oxygen at the water-sediment interface: A simulative study

• The three simulation factors caused various changes in both water and sediment. • Responses to simulations differed with the reported natural lakes and wetlands. • Al has dominant effects on sediment P release control among the three factors. • Adding sediment Al can be effective and safe under the simulated conditions. • Polyphosphates were not generated, while added phytate was rather stable. The effects of sediment aluminum (Al), organic carbon (OC), and dissolved oxygen (DO) on phosphorus (P) transformation, at the water-sediment interface of a eutrophic constructed lake, were investigated via a series of simulative experiments. The above three factors had various influences on dissolved P concentration, water pH, water and surface sediment appearance, and P fractions. Additions of Al had the greatest effect on suppressing P release, and the water pH remained alkaline in the water-sediment system under various OC and DO conditions. No dissolution of the added Al was detected. ³¹P-NMR characterization suggested that OC addition did not promote biological P uptake to polyphosphates under oxic conditions. The simulation result on the added phytate indicated the absence of phytate in the original lake sediment. As compared to the reported natural lakes and wetland, the water-sediment system of the constructed lake responded differently to some simulative conditions. Since Al, OC, and DO can be controlled with engineering methods, the results of this study provide insights for the practical site restorations.     

Quantitative analysis of the relationship between land use and urbanization development in typical arid areas

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As the most sensitive and typical oasis city in the arid region of China, Jiayuguan, the role of land use change and urbanization in this region is...     

添加牛粪和园林废弃物对污泥蚯蚓堆肥的影响

为研究污泥中添加不同比例的牛粪和园林废弃物对蚯蚓堆肥的影响,在实验室进行了为期60 d的堆肥实验,测定了堆肥物料的理化性质以及蚯蚓的存活率、平均体重、产茧量的变化情况。结果表明,100%污泥不适合蚯蚓的生长繁殖,添加牛粪/园林废弃物后可以显著改善蚯蚓的生长繁殖,进而提高蚯蚓的存活率和产茧量;污泥比例较低时,添加牛粪处理组的累计产茧量要高于添加园林废弃物的处理组,但当污泥比例大于25%时,添加园林废弃物的污泥更适合蚯蚓繁殖。冗余分析结果表明,pH、TN对蚯蚓的生长和繁殖起着重要的作用。蚯蚓堆肥可以改善物料的理化状况,提高堆肥产物中氮、磷、钾的养分含量,加速污泥的稳定化,提高其肥料价值。     

在役悬索管道抗风性能研究及结构退化分析*

为提高在役成品油悬索跨越管道结构及性能的可靠性,保障长输油气管道生产运营的安全,建立某在役成品油悬索跨越管道的有限元力学仿真模型,研究风载荷对悬索跨越管道的影响作用,探讨主索、吊索等主要构件性能退化时对悬索管道安全性的影响规律。结果表明:通过有限元模拟可以得到管道失效风速为60 m/s,远大于极限风速,且涡激振动振幅很小;主索腐蚀、吊索断裂以及是否存在抗风索这3种情况均能影响结构的安全性。相关企业应当对结构的重要构件进行定期检修,以保障生产运营安全。     

论特种设备事故(突发事件)的应急响应与科学处置

为满足基于大数据的特种设备事故推演和预防技术及平台的研发与应用,本文研究了特种设备事故(突发事件)应急处置现状和存在的问题,归纳总结出特种设备安全共性风险,设计和完善了事故响应、控制、预防等应急处置方案与应急救援体系,并进行了实例验证.同时,本文还对在应急处置平台系统上的部署和应用提出了期望.     

超声波净化石油污染土壤实验研究

为研究超声波技术处理石油污染土壤的影响因素,选取了土壤含油量、土水比、土壤类型、超声处理时间和超声功率5个因素进行了具有交互作用的正交实验,并讨论了各因素对土壤中石油污染物清除率的影响。实验结果表明超声波对土壤中石油污染物的净化效果明显,总石油烃(TPH)的清除率在23.0%到77.3%之间,土壤类型对净化效果的影响最为显著,粘土中的TPH清除率显著低于砂土。由超声空化引起的解吸作用和真空抽滤是实验过程中土壤TPH减少的主要途径。研究结果表明超声波技术用于石油污染土壤修复是可行并且有效果的。     

掺硫改性TiO2对活性艳红X-3B的光催化降解性能研究

以硫脲为硫的源物质,以钛酸四丁酯为TiO2的前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺硫改性TiO2光催化剂.以活性艳红X-3B为目标污染物,研究了该催化剂的光催化降解性能,对硫掺杂量、催化剂焙烧温度、溶液pH值以及催化剂添加量等影响因素进行了研究,并采用XRD分析手法对光催化剂进行表征.结果表明,经掺硫改性后的TiO2的催化活性有了很大提高,且硫的掺杂有一个最佳值,即Ti:S的摩尔比为1:1.经掺硫改性的TiO2在可见光区具备一定的催化活性,180 min内对活性艳红X-3B的去除率可达35.1%,且在紫外光区的催化活性优于纯TiO2.     

可燃固废复合燃料的固硫固氯效果

以可燃垃圾、污水污泥和煤粉为原料,添加园林残余、固硫剂等按L16(45)正交表配料,采用机械成型设备制备固废复合燃料,研究燃料组分对固硫固氯效果的影响。固硫率、固氯率实验数据的极差、方差分析结果显示:CaO添加量对固硫率、固氯率的影响最显著;MnO2添加量对固氯率的影响仅次于CaO添加量,但对固硫率没有影响。运用ForStat 2.0统计软件建立了固硫率、固氯率指标的预测方程,置信度大于95%。应用综合评分法筛选出最佳固硫固氯效果的燃料制备配方为:A2B3C2D3,即垃圾、污泥、煤粉以2∶1∶1比例混合,园林残余为10%,助燃剂MnO2添加量为0.17%,固硫剂CaO添加1.2%时所制备的燃料,燃烧中固硫率可达74.55%,固氯率可达77.35%。