环境中土霉素残留去除方法研究进展

土霉素是一种应用极为广泛的广谱抗生素。近年来,由于其在畜禽养殖业中的大量应用而导致的环境污染问题已经引起全世界的广泛关注。我国是土霉素消费大国,其污染问题更是亟待解决。综述了国内外对环境中残留土霉素的物理化学及生物处理方法,对处理机制及去除效果进行分析。并针对研究现状提出了今后的研究方向。     

电石渣处理煤矿酸性废水技术的研究

利用电石渣对煤矿酸性废水进行处理,达到以废治废的目的。为此对该技术进行研究。在反应停留时间为29 h,pH为6.93时,出水总铁为4.00 mg/L、亚铁为2.01 mg/L、总锰为0.90 mg/L,去除率分别为:总铁:99.04%、亚铁:99.44%、总锰:86.86%。出水指标达GB 20426—2006《煤炭工业污染物排放标准》的要求。     

Combined effects of cadmium and fluoranthene on germination, growth and photosynthesis of soybean seedlings

The single and combinational effects of cadmium (Cd) and fluoranthene (FLT) on germination, growth and photosynthesis of soybean seedlings were investigated. Exposure to 5, 10, or 15 mg Cd/L or 1, 5, or 10 mg FLT/L individually or in combination significantly decreased germination vigor (3 days) and final germination rate of soybean seeds, except at 1 and 5 mg FLT/L. The results of two-way ANOVA analysis and the Bliss independence model showed that at lower concentrations of FLT (1 mg/L), the interaction between Cd and FLT on germination was antagonistic, whereas the interaction was synergistic when the concentration of FLT was 5 or 10 mg/L and the concentration of Cd was 15 mg/L. Growth, expressed as dry weight, length of shoot and root, leaf area, and photosynthesis, expressed as net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, chlorophyll contents and fluorescence of soybean seedlings were also reduced by exposure to 5 or 10 mg Cd/L or 1 or 5 mg FLT/L, singly or jointly. Significant antagonistic effects of exposure to 5 or 10 mg Cd/L or 1 or 5 mg FLT/L on shoot growth and photosynthesis were observed, whereas synergy and antagonism of Cd and FLT were both observed for root growth.     

海西城市群灰霾天气特征及其影响因子分析

利用2005-2010年海西21个城市常规气象观测资料和大气污染物浓度资料,分析了灰霾的时空分布规律和主要影响因子。结果表明:各城市间灰霾发生总天数存在明显差异,两个高发区在以福州、漳州为代表的闽中、闽南地区,少发区位于闽东北。1-4月是灰霾的高发期,10-12月是次高发期;春季霾日最多,其次是冬季,夏季和秋季较少。灰霾的产生不仅与天气条件有关,还与城市地形、大气复合污染有关。受低涡锋面、台风等降水系统影响,不会出现灰霾,非降水天气系统下均有可能出现,其中在锋前暖区和地面倒槽影响下灰霾出现率最高。秋冬季灰霾的出现与冷空气的强弱有关;春季与西南暖湿气流的强弱有关,夏季与副热带高压的进退有关。     

不同粒径汽车尾气颗粒物对A549细胞毒性作用的比较

讨论并比较了不同粒径汽车尾气颗粒物对人肺癌上皮细胞A549的毒性作用.通过采样器MOUDI分级捕获不同粒径的汽车尾气颗粒物,再分别以0、50、100、200、400 μg·mL^-1的浓度及不同粒径的尾气颗粒物对A549细胞染毒48 h,然后用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法 检测颗粒物对细胞活力的影响,用乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）释放法测定细胞膜完整性的改变,用超氧化物歧化酶（Super oxide dismutase,SOD）及丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）试剂盒测定细胞的氧化应激水平及氧化损伤.结果显示：染毒浓度为50 μg·mL^-1时,各粒径染毒组与对照组,以及各粒径染毒组之间细胞生存率的差异均不显著（p>0.05）;染毒浓度为100~400 μg·mL^-1时,与对照组相比,各粒径汽车尾气颗粒物均以剂量依赖的方式引起细胞存活率降低（p<0.05）;同一染毒浓度下,PM_0.18~1.00组抑制细胞增殖的能力、破坏细胞膜完整性的能力及引起胞内氧化应激水平升高的能力均显著强于PM_1.00~3.20组,其中,PM_0.56~1.00组毒性最大.与对照组相比,各粒径染毒组胞内MDA含量均上升（p<0.05）,其中,PM_0.56~1.00组胞内MDA含量最高,其他粒径染毒组彼此之间的MDA含量差异不显著（p>0.05）.因此,汽车尾气颗粒物可抑制A549细胞增殖功能,破坏细胞膜的完整性,引起细胞氧化应激及膜脂质的过氧化损伤.不同粒径汽车尾气颗粒物对细胞的损伤作用有所差异,PM_0.18~1.00的毒性强于PM_1.00~3.20,而PM_0.56~1.00的毒性又强于PM_0.18~0.56.     

基于零排放浓盐水处理技术的发展

对基于零排放浓盐水处理技术存在的问题进行了简单分析,然后对基于零排放浓盐水处理技术不同工段的处理新技术进行了简单介绍,最后分析了今后基于零排放浓盐水处理技术的发展方向。     

Incineration of kitchen waste with high nitrogen in vortexing fluidized-bed incinerator and its NO emission characteristics

Some municipal solid waste (MSW) can be used as the fuel. Combustion of MSW with high nitrogen content is successfully conducted in a lab-scale vortexing fluidized-bed incinerator (VFBI). Pigskin with 16.5 wt.% nitrogen content was used to simulate the high nitrogen content kitchen waste, and silica sand was used as the bed material. The effects of operating conditions, such as the bed temperature, freeboard temperature, excess oxygen ratio, and static bed height on the CO and NO concentrations at the exit of combustor and cyclone were investigated. The experimental results show that the freeboard temperature is the most important factor for CO emission. The order of operating conditions impact on the NO emission is: (1) excess oxygen ratio; (2) bed temperature; (3) freeboard temperature; and (4) static bed height. Utilizing cyclone can significantly reduce the CO emission concentration when the CO concentration released from the freeboard is higher than 50 ppm. On the other hand, the cyclone has no significant effect on the NO emission. Despite having high nitrogen content, a low conversion from fuel-N to NO was attained. Compared with other types of combustors, VFBI reduces the CO and NO emission concentrations much better when burning MSW with high nitrogen content.     

阳泉市煤矸石中氟的赋存形态分析

氟是人体和其他动物的必需元素,氟过量和氟缺乏都会影响到人体健康.本文以山西省阳泉市阳煤集团长期堆置的煤矸石为研究对象,对煤矸石中氟浓度水平和氟的形态分配进行了研究.结果表明:研究区煤矸石中全氟含量平均值为364.87 mg/kg,远高于200 mg/kg的全球土壤氟含量平均水平;不同岩性的煤矸石中全氟含量(平均值)的排序为泥质砂岩＞砂质泥岩＞泥岩＞砂岩＞石膏岩;煤矸石中不同形态氟的含量排序为残余态＞无定形铁铝结合态＞有机结合态＞水溶态＞可交换态＞结晶铁铝结合态.     

环境保护中的社会工作介入——以呼和浩特市回民区环境污染的防治为例

本文以呼市回民区为例,探索环境保护中的社会工作介入,认为社会工作者应进行中间协调,发挥桥梁作用;同时进行资源连接,为环境污染的防止争取资源,再次就是加大科技投入,确保环保技术的支持.     

Response of sulfhydryl compounds in subcells of Cladophora rupestris under Pb stress

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study aimed to determine the role of sulfhydryl compounds in the subcells of C. rupestris under Pb stress. Different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0,...