Effects of two forest types on the dynamics of four base cations along with rainfall partitioning in middle subtropical forests北大核心CSCD

盐基离子随穿透雨和树干茎流的迁移成为森林元素输入的重要组成部分.在迁移过程中,冠层淋溶、树干冲刷等改变了盐基离子含量,而不同林型的林冠特征、树皮性质等存在差异,因此盐基离子含量在不同林型中可能存在差异对米槠次生林和杉木人工林穿透雨、树干茎流进行为期4年的监测,对比研究4种盐基离子(K+、Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+)浓度和输入量的动态特征.结果显示:(1)米槠次生林树干茎流Ca2+、Mg2+浓度显著低于杉木人工林而K+浓度显著高于杉木人工林;穿透雨除Na+浓度外均为米槠次生林显著高于杉木人工林.穿透雨和树干茎流Na+浓度林型差异不显著.(2)两种林型盐基离子季节动态变化基本一致,在雨季旱季各有一个峰值,雨季浓度普遍低于旱季.米槠次生林盐基离子浓度稳定性普遍高于杉木人工林.(3)分析盐基离子浓度与降雨强度的关系发现:Ca2+、K+、Mg2+浓度随雨量级的增加而降低,Na+浓度随雨量级的增加而增加.(4)观测期间米槠次生林穿透雨累计输入Ca2+、K+、Mg2+和Na+总量分别为47.97、35.17、7.15和12.94 kg/hm2,树干茎流累计输入Ca2+、K+、Mg2+和Na+总量分别为11.38、6.21、1.54和3.00 kg/hm2;杉木人工林穿透雨累计输入Ca2+、K+、Mg2+和Na+总量分别为47.24、26.63、6.43和11.55 kg/hm2,树干茎流累计输入Ca2+、K+、Mg2+和Na+总量分别为4.11、1.20、0.50和0.83 kg/hm2.米槠次生林的林内雨盐基离子输入量大于杉木人工林.总体而言,米槠次生林比杉木人工林有更高的养分输入,能更好地维持生态系统养分的供应;上述结果有助于进一步认识森林物质随水文过程的流动,可为人工林经营管理提供一定科学基础数据.(图6表1参36)     

A novel proton-gradient-transfer acid complexes as an efficient and reusable catalyst for fatty acid esterification

In this work, a series of novel proton-gradient-transfer acid complexes (PGTACs) were developed. Their physicochemical properties, including thermal stability, melting point, and Hammett acidity, were measured. The effects of catalyst loading, reaction temperature, and substrate expansion on the catalytic performance were systematically studied. It is found that the combination of bidentate N-heterocycle and H2SO4 (1:2 M ratio) could form simultaneously N–H covalent bond and N…H hydrogen bond, which makes the PGTACs excellent catalysts integrate the advantages of strong acids (high catalytic activity) and ionic liquids (phase separation) in the esterification reaction. Moreover, these PGTACs can be reused by convenient phase separation without obvious diminution of catalytic activity. It is concluded that these PGTACs are potential alternative candidates for esterification reaction in the process of industrial catalysis.     

Enhanced cross-flow filtration with flat-sheet ceramic membranes by titanium-based coagulation for membrane fouling control

• Ceramic membrane filtration showed high performance for surface water treatment. • PTC pre-coagulation could enhance ceramic membrane filtration performance. • Ceramic membrane fouling was investigated by four varied mathematical models. • PTC pre-coagulation was high-effective for ceramic membrane fouling control. Application of ceramic membrane (CM) with outstanding characteristics, such as high flux and chemical-resistance, is inevitably restricted by membrane fouling. Coagulation was an economical and effective technology for membrane fouling control. This study investigated the filtration performance of ceramic membrane enhanced by the emerging titanium-based coagulant (polytitanium chloride, PTC). Particular attention was paid to the simulation of ceramic membrane fouling using four widely used mathematical models. Results show that filtration of the PTC-coagulated effluent using flat-sheet ceramic membrane achieved the removal of organic matter up to 78.0%. Permeate flux of ceramic membrane filtration reached 600 L/(m²·h), which was 10-fold higher than that observed with conventional polyaluminum chloride (PAC) case. For PTC, fouling of the ceramic membrane was attributed to the formation of cake layer, whereas for PAC, standard filtration/intermediate filtration (blocking of membrane pores) was also a key fouling mechanism. To sum up, cross-flow filtration with flat-sheet ceramic membranes could be significantly enhanced by titanium-based coagulation to produce both high-quality filtrate and high-permeation flux.     

Current status and system construction of used-furniture recycling in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To promote the development of the green and low-carbon wood industry and explore the current status and trend of China’s used-furniture...     

爆破振动综合减震措施的减震效应研究*

为提高爆破减震措施的减震效果并降低工程造价,提出将减震沟和减震孔进行组合的综合减震方法。采用LS-DYNA动力分析软件从爆破振动速度、频谱特征以及应力云图3个方面对减震孔、减震沟以及综合减震措施的减震效果进行对比分析。研究结果表明:综合减震措施在水平径向和垂直向上的减震率相对最大,分别达81.91%,75.74%;综合减震措施由于减震孔的存在,对爆破地震波高频成分的滤波作用优于减震沟措施;综合减震措施下部的减震孔会继续阻碍应力波的传播,进一步削减应力波能量,从而达到保护隔震屏障后方建（构）筑物安全的目的。     

改性橡胶隔震支座抗拉性能试验研究

由于隔震支座的抗拉性能较低,当竖向拉伸变形较大时会对隔震支座性能造成不利影响。为解决支座抗拉问题,从改进隔震支座橡胶配方的角度,研发了1种新型改性橡胶支座。为测定隔震支座的抗拉性能,考虑了拉应力与拉应变2个方面,提出了1种隔震支座设计拉应力取值的参考方法,对该新型改性橡胶隔震支座进行了拉伸性能试验,结合拉应力取值的参考方法与试验结果得出了该种隔震支座的拉应力设计值为1.855 MPa,改性橡胶隔震支座的抗拉性能相较于普通橡胶隔震支座有所提高,为今后的相关隔震支座抗拉研究提供了参考。     

Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Exopolysaccharides from Alcaligenes faecalis Species Isolated from the Marine Environment of Mauritius

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) of microbial origin are polymers with great potential for research and industrial applications. In this study, a...     

油气田绿色矿山建设管理要求与实践

针对目前国家对绿色矿山建设的要求和环境保护面临的新形势,结合国内油气勘探与生产业务绿色发展的相关要求,阐述了油气田绿色矿山建设的发展历程、重点内容、建设标准;总结了绿色矿山建设形成的具体成果和经验,这些经验主要包括注重依法合规、提升绿色理念、科技创新、责任落实、多部门协作等,为下一步建设指导方向,进而提升国内油气勘探与生产业务整体绿色发展水平。     

纳滤膜去除饮用水中微量三唑磷的研究

分别采用NF200、NF90纳滤膜去除饮用水中的微量三唑磷,研究了操作压力、原水中三唑磷浓度、pH和离子强度等因素对其去除效果的影响,并探讨了两种纳滤膜截留三唑磷的机理.结果表明:两种纳滤膜均可有效去除饮用水中的微量三唑磷,NF200膜的去除率在90%左右,NF90膜的去除率可达97%以上;操作压力对NF200、NF9...     

固体废弃物资源的综合利用及管理探讨

对国内固体废弃物资源综合利用现状及先进国家资源再生产业分析介绍。指出发达国家固体废弃物管理办法,探讨国内再生资源管理办法。