三峡水库水环境中内分泌干扰物TBT的多介质迁移和归趋模拟

运用环境多介质QWASI等量浓度模型模拟了三峡水库水环境中内分泌干扰物TBT在各环境介质中的浓度分布及迁移归趋,同时讨论了三峡水库运行方式对库区水环境中TBT环境行为的影响.结果表明,QWASI模型能够较为合理地给出各个物理化学过程的速率参数,可对TBT在三峡水库这种超大型河道型水库中跨介质间的迁移传输、各环境相分布等作出定性和定量的模拟估计,模型输出结果与实测结果较为吻合.研究表明,三峡水库的运行方式对TBT在库区水环境中沉积物和水相间的迁移转化有重要影响.     

A combined approach of physicochemical and biological methods for the characterization of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil

Main physicochemical and microbiological parameters of collected petroleum-contaminated soils with different degrees of contamination from DaGang oil field (southeast of Tianjin, northeast China) were comparatively analyzed in order to assess the influence of petroleum contaminants on the physicochemical and microbiological properties of soil. An integration of microcalorimetric technique with urease enzyme analysis was used with the aim to assess a general status of soil metabolism and the potential availability of nitrogen nutrient in soils stressed by petroleum-derived contaminants. The total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content of contaminated soils varied from 752.3 to 29,114 mg kg^?1. Although the studied physicochemical and biological parameters showed variations dependent on TPH content, the correlation matrix showed also highly significant correlation coefficients among parameters, suggesting their utility in describing a complex matrix such as soil even in the presence of a high level of contaminants. The microcalorimetric measures gave evidence of microbial adaptation under highest TPH concentration; this would help in assessing the potential of a polluted soil to promote self-degradation of oil-derived hydrocarbon under natural or assisted remediation. The results highlighted the importance of the application of combined approach in the study of those parameters driving the soil amelioration and bioremediation.     

西子生态农场的综合开发利用研究

介绍了西子生态农场建设的情况。农场采用德国引进的固液分离技术处理畜禽粪便,制取沼气,沼气发电用于整个农场。沼液,沼渣得到综合利用、整个农场实现污水循环使用,取得了良好的经济效益。,社会效益和生态效益,具有推广价值。     

基于HMM和DT的无人机异常检测方法

为了实时检测无人机异常状态,提出基于隐马尔可夫模型(Hidden Markov Model,HMM)和决策树(Decision Tree,DT)的无人机异常检测方法(HMMDT).首先根据异常致因将无人机异常分为干扰异常和硬件异常;然后结合HMM和DT建立无人机异常检测模型,定义无人机异常度衡量异常状态的严重程度,确定...     

合成聚硅酸硼镁硫酸铁的正交实验研究

研究了用硅酸钠、硼砂、硫酸镁和硫酸铁为原料,制备聚硅酸硼镁硫酸铁（PSBMFS）混凝剂的方法及合成条件。通过正交实验,考查了硅酸活化pH值、缩聚反应时间和陈化时间等合成条件;同时考察了B/Si摩尔比、Mg/Si摩尔比和Fe/Si摩尔比等影响因素。结果表明：PSBMFS具有良好的混凝性能和脱色效果,能有效去除印染废水中的色度和COD,2种污染因子的去除率分别可达95.9%和67.9%。     

溶剂使用源挥发性有机物排放特征与污染控制对策

VOCs（volatile organic compounds,挥发性有机物）作为臭氧和二次有机气溶胶的关键前体物,已成为工业行业重点控制的大气污染物.源头控制作为工业源VOCs污染防治的重要手段,近5年来得到了快速发展.选取家具制造业、汽车制造业和包装印刷业作为代表性溶剂使用行业,逐生产工序检测、分析溶剂使用企业在使用传统溶剂型溶剂和新型水性溶剂时的VOCs排放特征,定量研究新型低/无VOCs溶剂替代所带来的VOCs污染特征的变化规律,分析并提出溶剂使用源VOCs污染控制对策.结果表明:不同生产工序所排放VOCs的浓度及其各物种贡献率均存在差异,使用新型水性溶剂时,酯类和烷烃为首要VOCs物种,ρ（VOCs）集中在8.77~40.21 mg/m3之间;使用传统溶剂型溶剂时,苯系物和酯类为首要VOCs物种,ρ（VOCs）分布在27.08~2 418.47 mg/m3之间,ρ（VOCs）为使用新型水性溶剂的2.78~50.00倍（以平均质量浓度计）,醇类、苯系物、烯烃、酮类、酯类和烷烃的质量浓度分别为使用新型水性溶剂的75.47、19.43、18.27、5.74、5.35和1.20倍.研究显示,源头控制通常需升级配套的生产工艺及设备,但相较于末端控制和过程控制更易管控;水性溶剂替代作为现阶段溶剂使用行业源头控制的主要手段,可有效降低各排污节点的VOCs排放浓度,实现VOCs减排;同时,苯系物和烯烃排放浓度及其排放总量的削减,可降低排放废气的反应活性,从而减少溶剂使用行业二次污染物的生成量.      

某污泥堆肥车间通风系统实测与分析

堆肥处理是城市污泥减量化、无害化和资源化的主要手段.在污泥堆肥过程中会产生大量的有害气体,需通过集中收集和生物过滤的方法将其处理.研究表明,生物滤池的滤料过滤阻力随时间逐渐增加,滤料的使用寿命不仅要考虑过滤效率问题还需考虑使用终阻力.并联风机通风系统存在工况转捩点,设计工况和系统终阻力工况点应位于工况转捩点的右侧.     

水绵（Spirogyra）对蓝藻复苏及藻类群落结构的影响

通过采集富营养化水体中的底泥与上覆水,在自然光照条件下建立了模拟自然水体的实验装置,并设置了高（42mg.L-1）、低（21mg.L-1）、空白（0mg.L-1）3个水平的水绵添加量,研究了不同剂量的水绵对水华蓝藻（以微囊藻为主）复苏过程及藻类群落结构的影响,同时考察了充足的营养盐在实验中所起的作用.整个实验在藻类的复...     

Characterisation of acute toxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress posed by textile effluent on zebrafish

Textile industries are important sources of toxic discharges and contribute enormously to water deterioration, while little attention has been paid to the toxicity of textile effluents in discharge regulation. Bioassays with zebrafish were employed to evaluate the toxicity of wastewater samples collected from different stages at a textile factory and sewage treatment plants (STPs). Physico-chemical parameters, acute toxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress biomarkers were analyzed. The wastewater samples from bleaching, rinsing and soaping of the textile factory exhibited high acute toxicity and genotoxicity. The coexisting components of dye compounds, as assistants and oxidants, seemed to cause some effect on the toxic response. After treatment employing the anoxic-oxic (A/O) process in STPs, the color and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) were reduced by 40% and 84%, respectively, falling within the criteria of the Chinese Sewage Discharge Standard. In contrast, increases in acute toxicity and genotoxicity were observed in the anaerobic tank, indicating the formation of toxic intermediates. The genotoxicity of the effluent of the STP was not significantly different from that of the influent, suggesting the wastewater treatment processes were not effective in removing the genotoxicity of the dye wastewater. Results indicated that the effluent contains pro-oxidants since the activities of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC) were all elevated. In addition, decreases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S transferase (GST) activities observed can be interpreted as a cytotoxicity sign due to an over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results of the present study suggest that the STPs were not capable of reducing the toxicity of wastewater sufficiently. Further treatment is needed to remove the potential risks posed by textile effluent to ecosystems and human health, and employing a toxicity index is necessary for discharge regulation.     

煤矸石烧结砖厂废气凝结物的研究

采集煤矸石烧结砖厂隧道窑废气热交换器内壁的凝结物,利用XRF、XRD、IR、DTA-TG、SEM、EDS、ICP-MS和AFS等方法进行了研究。结果表明:凝结物主要为水合硫酸亚铁和水合硫酸铁,S含量为119.2 mg/g,且Se、As、Pb等微量元素在凝结物中富集。与煤矸石原料相比,凝结物中Se的富集程度最高,含量达到了0.637 mg/g,相对富集因子为467.52;S、Tl、Mo、As、Pb的相对富集因子从57.05依次减小到6.18,F及亲硫元素Sb、Cd、Zn、Ni、Cu、Co富集程度较低;Sr、Th、Be、Ba、U、V、Cr的相对富集因子小于0.5,显示在烧结砖制备过程中的挥发性很低。