载体吸附培养黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)和云芝(Trametes versicolor)对染料的脱色

比较研究了不同载体吸附培养的黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)和云芝(Trametes versicolor)对染料连续脱色的效果。结果表明:(1)白腐真菌黄孢原毛平革菌和云芝分别在含有球形的木屑、玉米芯和花生壳载体的液体环境中振荡培养,菌体以膜状或团状形式大量附着生长在载体表面。(2)连续4轮脱色过程中,不论黄孢原毛平革菌还是云芝,都是木屑为载体的培养液的持续脱色和产酶能力最好,宜选择木屑为载体。其中,木屑为载体的黄孢原毛平革菌培养液经过2轮连续12d脱色后对活性黑RB5的最高脱色率仍能达到97%,在第3轮脱色中对活性红M-3BE的最终脱色率接近96%,并且能产生最高611U/L的锰依赖过氧化物酶(MnP)和1 477U/L的木质素过氧化物酶(LiP)。(3)在实际应用中应该将木屑为载体的黄孢原毛平革菌和云芝培养液都投加到含染料废水处理系统中,强化生物处理效果。     

大莲湖生态修复工程对水质影响的研究

大莲湖是淀山湖水系中富营养化程度较为严重的湖泊,从2008年12月起,为了改善水质,重建大莲湖生态环境,采取了塑造地型、设计护坡、调整水系、配置植物、构建快速渗透系统等措施治理大莲湖,分析了生态工程完工后半年多来大莲湖水质变化状况;结果表明:经过生态修复后,其水质得到明显改善,COD、总氮和总磷分别比生态区外的鱼塘下降了68%、62%和74%;氨氮平均为0.27 mg/L,亚硝态氮平均0.02 mg/L,叶绿素a平均下降了72%。因此,将工程措施与生物净化方法有机结合在一起,并因地制宜地构建快速渗透系统是湖泊治理的一条有效途径,该修复工程的成功实施也为其他生态修复工程提供了技术支持。     

Sulfur-driven methylmercury production in paddies continues following soil oxidation

Methylmercury (MeHg) production in paddy soils and its accumulation in rice raise global concerns since rice consumption has been identified as an important pathway of human exposure to MeHg. Sulfur (S) amendment via fertilization has been reported to facilitate Hg methylation in paddy soils under anaerobic conditions, while the dynamic of S-amendment induced MeHg production in soils with increasing redox potential remains unclear. This critical gap hinders a comprehensive understanding of Hg biogeochemistry in rice paddy system which is characterized by the fluctuation of redox potential. Here, we conducted soil incubation experiments to explore MeHg production in slow-oxidizing paddy soils amended with different species of S and doses of sulfate. Results show that the elevated redox potential (1) increased MeHg concentrations by 10.9%−35.2%, which were mainly attributed to the re-oxidation of other S species to sulfate and thus the elevated abundance of sulfate-reducing bacteria, and (2) increased MeHg phytoavailability by up to 75% due to the reductions in acid volatile sulfide (AVS) that strongly binds MeHg in soils. Results obtained from this study call for attention to the increased MeHg production and phytoavailability in paddy soils under elevated redox potentials due to water management, which might aggravate the MeHg production induced by S fertilization and thus enhance MeHg accumulation in rice.     

膜曝气生物反应器内DO分布变化及其对有机物和氮去除的影响

以模拟生活污水为研究对象,探讨膜曝气生物反应器在不同的曝气压力下溶解氧的分布特征,并分析了DO的分布对有机物和氮去除率的影响。研究结果表明,不同的曝气压力下,沿曝气膜径向位置DO值逐渐降低呈梯度分布,轴向位置的DO浓度变化随沿程氧分压减小逐渐降低;不同位置的DO分布差异影响反应器内微生物群落的分布情况,进而影响碳氮的去除效果。COD和NH4+-N去除主要依靠生物膜内的好氧异养菌,去除率随DO的上升而增大,当反应体系中DO浓度在1.71 mg·L-1以上时,两者的最大去除率分别为84.4%和92.1%;TN的去除率随DO的上升而减小,在低DO的主体料液中,生物膜内侧依然保持高氧低碳环境,在保证硝化反应的同时反硝化作用进行较为充分,去除率可高达76.1%。     

用CARIX工艺处理饮用水的研究

利用呈游离酸型的弱酸阳离子交换树脂和呈重碳酸盐型的阴离子交换树脂组合成混床,从饮用水中联合去除硝酸盐、硫酸盐和硬度。二氧化碳作为再生剂同时再生两种树脂。为提高阴树脂的再生效率,研究了添加剂的种类和最宜加入量。混床与复床的比较表明:混床优于复床,它的产水量达50个床体积以上,再生用水仅需5个床体积。     

珠江三角洲地区城市群发展对局地大气污染物扩散的影响

为探讨城市群发展对局地气象环境和污染物输送的影响,以珠江三角洲不同时期的下垫面为例,选取有利于和不利于污染扩散的较典型的气象条件,采用数值模拟手段,模拟并分析比较该地区城市群的形成与发展对城市气象环境、污染物分布、城市间污染物输送的影响.结果表明,重污染气象条件下出现长时间逆温现象,凌晨3 :0 0到6:0 0间逆温最强,强度约为2 1℃·hm- 1 ,逆温层厚度达3 0 0m .城市群的发展使得城市夜间的逆温强度增强,逆温持续时间增长;城市群的发展使得城市地区风速减小,重污染气象条件下广州小风区面积约增加2 8% ,佛山约增加45 2 % ,轻污染气象条件下增加较小;重污染气象条件时广州和佛山二氧化硫浓度一般大于45 μg·m- 3,城市群的发展使污染物扩散范围变小,对本地贡献率增大,对其它地区的贡献率减小;地区间氮氧化物和二氧化硫的输送基本量级为10 0 t·d- 1 到数10 1 t·d- 1 ,城市群的发展使污染物不易向外输送,在重污染气象条件时广州二氧化硫输出量由5 1 3 7t·d- 1 减小为42 81t·d- 1 .     

Water environment protection and sustainable development in townlet of China: A case study in Taicang

The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) model was applied to investigate the relationship between economic growth and water environment quality based on panel data of Taicang during 2010–2017. The typical inversed-U shaped relationship has been obtained between GDP (gross domestic product) and indicators of ammonia, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), respectively. The EKC turning point appeared when the GDP per capita was around US$2270, which was much lower than those in some developed countries (US$11,200). However, the decoupling between chemical oxygen demand (COD) and GDP per capita occurred even before this period, which should be attributed to the strict COD emission regulation being implemented since 2010. Further, analysis based on the Tapio decoupling coefficient elasticity model analyzed the ammonia nitrogen and economic development of each industry. We found that the agriculture no-point was strong decoupling in 2011–2014, then came to Recessive decoupling. The domestic wastewater had been in a strong decoupling state; Both urban non-point and industry experienced expansive negative decoupling, due to strict policy that prioritizes the environment over development and the investment in improvement of environment and techniques, both of them gradually came to strong decoupling. The result demonstrated that the EKC turning point could be appear in earlier economic stage and the decoupling coefficient elasticity could be improved through taking strong regulation measures.     

Cupriavidus metallidurans SHE好氧还原Se(Ⅳ)合成硒纳米颗粒的特性研究

利用贪铜杆菌(Cupriavidu smetallidurans)SHE在好氧条件下还原Se(Ⅳ)生成硒纳米颗粒,考察不同条件对还原过程的影响,并对还原产物进行表征.结果显示,菌株SHE还原Se(Ⅳ)的最适条件为pH=8、温度30℃、底物浓度1.0 mmol·L-1,在此条件下Se(Ⅳ)的还原率最高,可达100%.通过紫外光谱扫描、微观形貌分析、粒度分析及X射线衍射分析表明,合成的硒纳米颗粒为六方晶型,粒径为(130.2±27.0)nm.研究结果表明,菌株SHE可有效的还原Se(Ⅳ)生成硒纳米颗粒,为微生物合成纳米硒的潜在应用提供参考.     

低温对亚硝化颗粒污泥系统的影响特性

考察了温度变化对亚硝化颗粒污泥反应器的长期和短期影响特性,结果表明:在进水ρ（NH₄+-N）为（35.8±5.2）mg/L、水力停留时间为2.0 h以及运行温度为7~17℃的条件下,反应器保持着95%的亚硝化率和0.18~0.25 kg/（m3·L）的NH₄+-N去除负荷;反应器中较低的ρ（DO）∶ρ（NH₄+-N）（<0.25）是实现亚硝酸盐氧化细菌（NOB）有效抑制的关键因素;长期低温运行造成颗粒污泥比NH₄+-N氧化速率（SAOR）从（237±14）g/（g·d）下降至（93±11）g/（g·d）,但颗粒污泥中氨氧化细菌（AOB）的活化率（实际SAOR与最大SAOR之比）从48%升至约85%。批式实验结果表明,在7.1~28℃的短时温度变化内,亚硝化颗粒污泥NH₄+-N氧化反应的温度系数（θ）和活化能（E_a）分别为1.042~1.063,29.7~41.9 kJ/mol,均显著低于同等条件下絮体污泥的数值,表明颗粒污泥AOB比絮体污泥AOB具有更好的抗温度冲击能力。该研究结果可为基于颗粒污泥的高效城市污水亚硝化技术提供参考。