Innovatively employing magnetic CuO nanosheet to activate peroxymonosulfate for the treatment of high-salinity organic wastewater

Magnetic CuO nanosheet(Mag-CuO), as a cheap, stable, efficient and easily separated peroxymonosulfate(PMS) activator, was prepared by a simple one-step precipitation method for the removal of organic compounds from salt-containing wastewater.The experiments showed that the removal efficiencies of various organic pollutants including Acid Orange 7, Methylene Blue, Rhodamine B and atrazine in a high-salinity system(0.2 mol/L Na_2SO_4) with the Mag-CuO/PMS process were 95.81%, 74.57%, 100% and 100%,respectively.Meanwhile, Mag-CuO still maintained excellent catalytic activity in other salt systems including one or more salt components(NaCl, NaNO_3, Na_2HPO_4, NaHCO_3).A radical-quenching study and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis confirmed that singlet oxygen(~1O_2) was the dominant reactive oxygen species for the oxidation of organic pollutants in high-salinity systems, which is less susceptible to hindrance by background constituents in wastewater than radicals(~·OH or SO_4~(·-)).The surface hydroxylation of the catalyst and catalytic redox cycle including Cu and Fe are responsible for the generation of~1O_2.The developed Mag-CuO catalyst shows good application prospects for the removal of organic pollutants from saline wastewater.     

基于UV-vis和EEMs解析白洋淀冬季冰封期间隙水DOM的光谱特征及来源

基于三维荧光光谱（EEMs）技术结合平行因子分析法（PARAFAC）以及紫外-可见光谱技术（UV-vis）,对雄安新区-白洋淀冬季冰封期不同特征区域间隙水溶解性有机物（DOM）的光谱特征以及来源进行解析.结果表明：冬季冰封期白洋淀不同特征淀区间隙水DOM的相对浓度差异显著,养殖区的最高、旅游区的最低;冰封期白洋淀大部分区域间隙水DOM的E₃/E₄均大于3.5,说明DOM以低腐殖质成分为主;三维荧光通过PARAFAC解析出3种组分,分别为类酪氨酸（C1）、类色氨酸（C2）和陆源腐殖质（C3）;对3个组分进行相关性分析,结果显示C1与C2之间的相关系数达到0.99（p<0.001）;白洋淀各个特征区域间的DOM总荧光强度和各荧光组分相对丰度呈现显著的差异（p<0.05）;DOM的总荧光强度以及各组分的荧光强度均呈现出唐河入淀口高的特征,C1+C2是DOM的主要成分呈现养殖区多、自然区少的特点,养殖区达到79.30%~92.04%,自然区达到26.60%~38.55%;冰封期白洋淀间隙水水体的DOM荧光指数FI为（2.58±0.23）>1.8,生物源指数（BIX）为1.20±0.25,表明白洋淀DOM来源于生物活动并且以自生源为主,与腐殖程度指标（HIX）的结果相吻合;a₂₅₄与硝氮、溶解性总磷和A₂₅₄/A₂₀₄,a₃₅₅与S_350~400;a₄₄₀与S_275~295、S_350~400、E₂/E₄、E₂/E₆和E₄/E₆,C1以及C2与Fn₂₈₀,C3与硝氮和Fn₃₅₅相关性很好（p<0.05）.综上,通过对冬季冰封期白洋淀各个典型淀区间隙水水体DOM光谱特征进行研究,可以为分析白洋淀水体有机物污染特征和白洋淀的水质管理提供技术支持.     

不同喜树碱制剂对普通小球藻的毒性比较

以普通小球藻（Chlorella vulgaris）为试验材料,连续10d测定了新型生物农药喜树碱3种不同的制剂对普通小球藻的毒性.结果表明：0.2%喜树碱乳油对普通小球藻毒性最高（EC50值在0.0368～0.2547mg.L-1）,其中第3天的EC50值最小为0.0368mg.L-1;0.5%喜树碱钠盐的毒性较低（...     

初探化学危险品事故灾害应急救援预案及演习

根据化学危险品的性质和分类,对化学危险品事故灾害的应急预案制定的原则、基本任务、基本要求、以及预案制定的依据、制定的方法和步骤、预案的基本内容等进行了分析,在此基础上探讨了化学危险品事故灾害应急救援预案的演习分类及内容.     

重金属污染土壤的植物修复研究现状

植物修复是利用植物吸收、降解、挥发、根滤、稳定等作用机理,达到去除土壤、水体中污染物,或使污染物固定以减轻其危害性,或使污染物转化为毒性较低化学形态的现场治理技术。植物修复对于重金属污染土壤的治理修复具有重要意义。已有研究在累积与超累积植物的寻找筛选、植物对重金属等有害物的耐毒和解毒机理、植物修复现场环境调控及根际处理技术等方面取得了大量成果。     

硝酸酸雾对拟南芥的毒性效应研究

采用拟南芥植物检测技术,考察了硝酸烟雾暴露条件下拟南芥生长状况及叶片中叶绿素含量、活性氧代谢、丙二醛(MDA)和蛋白羰基(PCO)等几种指标的变化情况,旨在为硝酸烟雾的生态毒理学效应研究提供试验依据。结果表明,硝酸烟雾可引起拟南芥叶片发黄萎蔫等病理反应,时间依赖性地降低叶绿素含量和氧自由基产生速率,并增加MDA和PCO含量,提示硝酸烟雾可通过诱导氧化应激造成植物损伤。     

环保修井作业配套技术研究

以吉林油田为例,对油水井修井过程中产生的污染源进行查找分析。针对井下作业工序多,工况复杂的特点,分析了修井作业施工过程的污染源,对污染源采取有效的清洁生产新工艺、新设备,在地面污染防治方面取得了较好的效果。该项技术在减少原油落地损失、降低劳动强度、改善工作环境以及节能等方面取得了较好的经济和社会效益。     

纳米氧化锌颗粒对大鼠气管上皮细胞动态变化的影响及毒性机理

纳米氧化锌(Zn O NPs)对呼吸道的毒性损伤作用备受关注,但有关其对呼吸道上皮细胞动态变化的影响机理还有待深入研究.因此,本研究通过将大鼠气管上皮细胞(RTE)暴露于不同浓度(1和10 mg·L~(-1))和不同粒径(50和200 nm)的Zn O NPs中,利用细胞电阻抗检测技术(ECIS)检测细胞动态变化,采用CCK8法检测细胞生长抑制效应,并通过胞内ROS和MDA含量变化探讨其影响机制.ECIS检测结果显示,Zn O NPs暴露下,RTE细胞生长和增殖受到明显抑制,且具有浓度依赖效应.当暴露浓度为1 mg·L~(-1)时,与对照组相比,50 nm暴露组细胞电阻抗值的下调幅度为18%,为200 nm暴露组的1.2倍.Zn O NPs诱导的RTE细胞增殖抑制率具有浓度依赖效应,当暴露浓度为10 mg·L~(-1)时,50和200 nm暴露组细胞增殖抑制率分别为暴露浓度为1 mg·L~(-1)时的2.9和1.4倍.Zn O NPs诱导的RTE细胞氧化应激结果显示,胞内ROS和MDA含量随着纳米颗粒暴露浓度的增加而增加,随着纳米颗粒粒径的减小而增加,具有显著的浓度-和剂量-依赖效应.当Zn O NPs浓度分别为1和10 mg·L~(-1)时,ROS含量分别是对照组的2.8和3.7倍;当暴露浓度为10 mg·L~(-1)时,50 nm暴露组细胞内ROS含量是200 nm暴露组的1.7倍;暴露浓度为1和10 mg·L~(-1)时,50 nm氧化锌处理组诱导的细胞内MDA含量分别是对照组的5.4和7.9倍.Zn O NPs能够影响呼吸道上皮细胞动态变化,从而破环RTE细胞屏障并进入细胞,诱导胞内ROS和MDA水平升高,进而抑制细胞的生长与增殖.研究表明,影响Zn O NPs诱导的RTE细胞动态变化和氧化应激的关键因素是颗粒粒径与暴露浓度.     

Modeling the relationship between land use and surface water quality

It is widely known that watershed hydrology is dependent on many factors, including land use, climate, and soil conditions. But the relative impacts of different types of land use on the surface water are yet to be ascertained and quantified. This research attempted to use a comprehensive approach to examine the hydrologic effects of land use at both a regional and a local scale. Statistical and spatial analyses were employed to examine the statistical and spatial relationships of land use and the flow and water quality in receiving waters on a regional scale in the State of Ohio. Besides, a widely accepted watershed-based water quality assessment tool, the Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources (BASINS), was adopted to model the plausible effects of land use on water quality in a local watershed in the East Fork Little Miami River Basin. The results from the statistical analyses revealed that there was a significant relationship between land use and in-stream water quality, especially for nitrogen, phosphorus and Fecal coliform. The geographic information systems (GIS) spatial analyses identified the watersheds that have high levels of contaminants and percentages of agricultural and urban lands. Furthermore, the hydrologic and water quality modeling showed that agricultural and impervious urban lands produced a much higher level of nitrogen and phosphorus than other land surfaces. From this research, it seems that the approach adopted in this study is comprehensive, covering both the regional and local scales. It also reveals that BASINS is a very useful and reliable tool, capable of characterizing the flow and water quality conditions for the study area under different watershed scales. With little modification, these models should be able to adapt to other watersheds or to simulate other contaminants. They also can be used to study the plausible impacts of global environmental change. In addition, the information on the hydrologic effects of land use is very useful. It can provide guidelines not only for resource managers in restoring our aquatic ecosystems, but also for local planners in devising viable and ecologically-sound watershed development plans, as well as for policy makers in evaluating alternate land management decisions.     

电厂冷却系统对梭幼鱼和对虾仔虾卷载效应的初步探讨

根据青岛电厂运行观测和模拟实验，分析了卷载效应中机械损伤和高温冲击对梭幼鱼和对虾仔虾的危害。研究表明，电厂冷却系统内流速≥２．０ｍ／ｓ，滤网孔径８ｍｍ时，对体长７－１７ｍｍ和２０－３４ｍｍ仔虾的致死率分别为２８．３％－５５．３％和２８．６％－６６．９％；对体长２０－４０ｍｍ梭幼鱼的致死率为６３．４％－７８．８％。卷载致死率与生物的密度、体长及形态特征有关。模拟实验结果为：０．９－１．０５ｍ／ｓ的流