1939年的天津水灾及天津市的防洪减灾对策

本文回顾了天津市历史上的几次大洪水,对1989年天津水灾进行了重点分析,提出了天津市今后的防洪减灾对策。     

对“撞了白撞”问题的思考

在《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》公布前后有关“撞了白撞”被否决的宣传对交通安全不利。“撞了白撞”的演绎存在片面性 ,“撞了白撞”被否决的宣传不符合自然科学规律 ,存在理论上的误区。人们应该清楚的认识到 :获得交通事故损害赔偿并非获得了交通安全保障 ;行人、非机动车等交通“弱者”在一定条件下可转化为交通“强者”。对法律、法规的宣传 ,既要讲究法律原则和社会道德准则 ,也要讲究科学性。     

Disturbance, life history, and optimal management for biodiversity

Both frequency and intensity of disturbances in many ecosystems have been greatly enhanced by increasing human activities. As a consequence, the short-lived plant species including many exotics might have been dramatically increased in terms of both richness and abundance on our planet, while many long-lived species might have been lost. Such conclusions can be drawn from broadly observed successional cycles in both theoretical and empirical studies. This article discusses 2 major issues that have been largely overlooked in current ecosystem management policies and conservation efforts: i) life history constraints; and ii) future global warming trends. It also addresses the importance of these 2 factors in balancing disturbance frequency and intensity for optimal biodiversity maintenance and ecosystem management.     

垃圾填埋场稳定化研究（Ⅰ）

通过填埋场的实验室规模的模拟实验，研究了负温和低温条件下城市生活垃圾的降解行为。经８个月的阵解，发现含水率、污泥的加入以及高温均有利于位圾降解。菜类垃圾的降解率为５０％以上：而含水率为６０％的混合垃圾，降解率为２０％以下。测定了单位垃圾产生的气体和浸取液量以及浸取液的化学耗氧量、含水率和无机残渣。讨论了本工作在寒区填埋场工艺设计的实践意义。     

冀津沿海风暴潮的分布特征及成因分析

本文收集整理了最近2045a的史料,论述风暴潮的时空分布特征及区域评价,分析风暴潮的成因及分类,提出风暴潮的预警要点．     

皖07井水位与地震关系初探

从分析皖０７井水位的映震能力入手,探讨地下水与地震的关系。文中着重对１９９６年１１月９日南黄海６１级等４次中强地震前该井水位的异常特征进行分析,并对该井水位映震的机理提出一些粗浅的看法。     

论城市气象灾害及防治对策

依据国内外城市气候的观测资料和分析研究文献，从合理利用城市气候资源和防灾减灾角度，首次论述了城市气象灾害种类（公共、特定和相关三大类9种）以及防治对策。     

灰色消解模型的改进——z变换后的线性回归解法

针对文献中提出的灰色消解模型的建模方法进行了ｚ变换，然后改用线性回归的办法求解，实例验证后表明，模拟拟合状况一致，但计算工作量大为减轻。     

Using a Composite Membrane for Enhanced Sensitivity and Faster Response in On-line Membrane Extraction Microtrap Gas Chromatography

On-line membrane extraction microtrap (OLMEM) gas chromatography was used for continuous monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water. The aqueous sample flowed through tubular membrane and the VOCs selectively permeated through it. The permeated VOCs were stripped by a carrier gas and transported to a microtrap. The microtrap retained and concentrated the analytes before injecting into a GC. In this study, the performance of a composite membrane was compared with that of a conventional silicone membrane. The advantages of using the composite membrane were higher extraction efficiency and shorter response time. Extraction efficiencies as high as 95% were obtained for compounds such as toluene and trichloroethane.     

环境预测中的GAM模型

当原始序列属代数曲线型时，应用ＧＡＭ模型可以提高精度，从而避免进行ＧＭ（１，１）模型的残差修正二次建模。从分析ＧＭ（１，１）模型的缺陷着手，结合实例详细介绍了ＧＡＭ模型的思想形成和计算方法。