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971.
Kun Lei Xuejiao Han Guo Fu Jian Zhao Libiao Yang 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(12):8857-8864
The wide use and occurrence of antibiotics in water environments have caused wide concerns. Ofloxacin (OFL) was selected as a target antibiotic, and the interaction between OFL and sequential extracted dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the sediment of Dianchi, a hypertrophic lake in Southwest China, was explored using fluorescence quenching technology. The method of fuorescence quenching was used to characterize the interaction between OFL and sequentially extracted DOM. The result indicated that static and dynamic quenching both existed in the interaction. The interaction in the background water (0.01 mol/L NaCl and 200 mg/L NaN3) became increasingly weak with the further extraction of DOM. A low non-linear factor N value (0.53~0.63) of Freundlich model was observed, indicating a non-linear interaction between OFL and DOM. Elemental characterization and infrared spectrum analysis showed an enhanced OFL-DOM binding with the decrease in humic acid (HA) polarity. The effect of ion strength was tested in the OFL-DOM interaction to show the impact of usually existing metal ions in water environment on the OFL behavior. The result showed that K+ had little influence, but Cu2+ had a significant promotion (p?0.05) in the OFL-DOM interaction in background water, indicating that divalent metal ions, which have the bridge bond or complexation capacity, are more active in the OFL-DOM interaction than monovalent ions, with no bridge bond or complexation capacity. This work would be useful in the fate and risk assessment of antibiotics in water environments. 相似文献
972.
An interval-parameter fuzzy-stochastic semi-infinite mixed-integer linear programming (IFSSIP) method is developed for waste
management under uncertainties. The IFSSIP method integrates the fuzzy programming, chance-constrained programming, integer
programming and interval semi-infinite programming within a general optimization framework. The model is applied to a waste
management system with three disposal facilities, three municipalities, and three periods. Compared with the previous methods,
IFSSIP have two major advantages. One is that it can help generate solutions for the stable ranges of the decision variables
and objective function value under fuzzy satisfaction degree and different levels of probability of violating constraints,
which are informative and flexible for solution users to interpret/justify. The other is that IFSSIP can not only handle uncertainties
through constructing fuzzy and random parameter, but also reflect dynamic features of the system conditions through interval
function of time over the planning horizon. By comparing IFSSIP with interval-parameter mixed-integer linear semi-infinite
programming and parametric programming, the IFSSIP method is more reasonable than others. 相似文献
973.
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976.
室内外空气污染对学龄儿童呼吸系统影响的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
通过对污染区和对照区 2 0 0 0多名学龄儿童呼吸系统症状、疾病患病率比较 ,并运用非条件 Logistic回归分析方法 ,就室内外空气污染对学龄儿童呼吸系统健康的影响 ,进行了研究。结果显示 ,污染区室内外空气污染较严重 ,大气中TSP、SO2 和 NOx 的浓度均超过国家二级标准 ,其儿童呼吸系统症状、疾病患病率明显高于对照区。对儿童呼吸系统发病有显著影响的环境因素是 :大气污染、被动吸烟、家庭燃煤、冬季取暖和室内油烟污染程度。其中咳嗽与以上五个因素有显著的正相关关系 (P<0 .0 5) ;除被动吸烟外 ,支气管炎与其它四个因素呈显著正相关 (P<0 .0 5) ;咳痰与大气污染、被动吸烟、冬季取暖和室内油烟污染程度 ,气喘和呼吸系统疾病住院率与大气污染和室内油烟污染正相关关系显著 (P<0 .0 5)。哮喘与室内外空气污染无显著的统计学联系 相似文献
977.
空气污染对儿童肺功能指标影响的初步分析 总被引:14,自引:3,他引:11
报告中国 4城市 8所小学儿童肺功能指标受室外空气污染影响的结果。以 FVC/预测值 (85% )、FEV1 /预测值(85% )、FEV1 / FVC(实测值之比 ) (80 % )作为判断肺功能指标异常的参考标准 ,并将 8所小学按污染程度分为污染严重和污染较轻两类三组。污染严重组儿童肺功能指标的异常率均比污染较轻组要高。空气的严重污染 ,可使儿童肺功能FVC、FEV1 、FEV1 / FVC异常率的危险程度分别增高 3 0 %~ 78%、52 %~ 86%和 1 0 2 %~ 1 2 7%。异常组儿童的 FVC、FEV1 的平均值约下降 3 3 0~ 4 60 ml,FEV1 / FVC平均值约下降 1 3 %~ 1 5%。说明空气的严重污染对儿童肺功能生长发育可能有不利影响 相似文献
978.
四城市空气粗、细颗粒物元素质量谱及富集特征 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以武汉市 X荧光光谱分析数据为例 ,介绍了粗、细颗粒物中元素的质量谱及富集特征。并且 ,比较了广州、武汉、兰州、重庆四城市的污染元素及可能污染元素的某些富集特征 相似文献
979.
Distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in sediment of the Second Songhua River, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The Second Songhua River was subjected to a large amount of raw or primary effluent from chemical industries in Jilin city
in 1960s to 1970s, resulting in serious mercury pollution. However, an understanding of other trace metal pollution has remained
unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate trace metal contamination in the sediment of the river. Bottom sediment
samples were taken in the river between Jilin city and Haerbin city in 2005. An uncontaminated sediment profile was taken
in the Nen River at the same time. Total concentrations of Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na, Ti, Mn, V, Sc, Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn
in the sediment samples were measured by ICP-MS or ICP-OES, following digestion with various acids. Concentrations of Co,
Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in the surface sediments were 5.1–14.7, 18.5–78.9, 2.4–75.4, 7.2–29.0, 13.5–124.4, and 21.8–403.1 mg/kg,
respectively, generally decreasing along the course of the river from Jilin city to Haerbin city. Background concentrations
of trace metals were reconstructed by geochemical normalization to a conservative element scandium. Results showed that concentrations
of Co, Cr, and Ni in the sediment were generally only slightly higher than or equal to their background values, while concentrations
of Cu, Pb, and Zn in the some sediment samples were significantly higher than their background values. In detail, the sediment
at Jilin city was moderately contaminated by Cu, and the sediment of the Second Songhua River was moderately contaminated
by Pb and Zn. The top layer (0–10 cm depth) and bottom layers (30–46 cm depth) of one sediment profile at Wukeshu town were
generally moderately polluted by Pb and Zn. Synthetically, the surface sediment in the studied river section was classified
as natural sediment without ecological risk by the sediment pollution index (SPI) of Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn. Only the 30–45 cm
depth of the sediment profile at Wukeshu town was classified as low polluted sediment by the SPI of these metals, recording
a historical contamination of the river in the 1960s to 1970s. This buried contamination of trace metals might pose a potential
risk to water column under disturbance of sediment.
Foundation item: The National Basic Research Priorities Program of China (2004CB418502) 相似文献
980.
采用单颗粒气溶胶飞行时间质谱仪(Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer,SPAMS)对西安市大气矿尘颗粒物进行连续12 d在线分析,共采集到107 425个同时含有正负质谱信息的矿尘颗粒,矿尘颗粒物占PM_(2.5)样本数的8.44%。结果表明,矿尘颗粒物的正离子碎片成分以Na~+、K~+、Al~+、Ca~+、CaO~+、Fe~+为主,同时还含有Pb~+等,负离子碎片成分以NO~-_2和NO~-_3为主,另外还含有HSO~-_4、SiO~-_3、HSiO~-_3、H(NO_3)~-_2等。在西安市大气细颗粒物中,矿尘颗粒物中贡献较大的几类(如含钙、含铁、铁氧颗粒物等)大多是老化的成分。将观测阶段采集到的矿尘颗粒纳入本地污染源谱进行来源分析,其主要来源为扬尘源、工业源、燃煤源和汽车尾气源等。 相似文献