Enhancement of nitric oxide decomposition efficiency achieved with lanthanum-based perovskite-type catalyst

Direct decompositions of nitric oxide (NO) by La_0.7Ce_0.3SrNiO₄, La_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄, and Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ are experimentally investigated, and the catalysts are tested with different operating parameters to evaluate their activities. Experimental results indicate that the physical and chemical properties of La_0.7Ce_0.3SrNiO₄ are significantly improved by doping with Ba and partial substitution with Pr. NO decomposition efficiencies achieved with La_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ and Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ are 32% and 68%, respectively, at 400 °C with He as carrier gas. As the temperature is increased to 600 °C, NO decomposition efficiencies achieved with La_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ and Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄, respectively, reach 100% with the inlet NO concentration of 1000 ppm while the space velocity is fixed at 8000 hr^?1. Effects of O₂, H₂O_(g), and CO₂ contents and space velocity on NO decomposition are also explored. The results indicate that NO decomposition efficiencies achieved with La_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ and Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄, respectively, are slightly reduced as space velocity is increased from 8000 to 20,000 hr^?1 at 500 °C. In addition, the activities of both catalysts (La_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ and Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄) for NO decomposition are slightly reduced in the presence of 5% O₂, 5% CO₂, or 5% H₂O_(g). For durability test, with the space velocity of 8000 hr^?1 and operating temperature of 600 °C, high N₂ yield is maintained throughout the durability test of 60 hr, revealing the long-term stability of Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ for NO decomposition. Overall, Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ shows good catalytic activity for NO decomposition.

Implications: Nitrous oxide (NO) not only causes adverse environmental effects such as acid rain, photochemical smog, and deterioration of visibility and water quality, but also harms human lungs and respiratory system. Pervoskite-type catalysts, including La_0.7Ce_0.3SrNiO₄, La_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄, and Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄, are applied for direct NO decomposition. The results show that NO decomposition can be enhanced as La_0.7Ce_0.3SrNiO₄ is substituted with Ba and/or Pr. At 600 °C, NO decomposition efficiencies achieved with La_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ and Pr_0.4Ba_0.4Ce_0.2SrNiO₄ reach 100%, demonstrating high activity and good potential for direct NO decomposition. Effects of O₂, H₂O_(g), and CO₂ contents on catalytic activities are also evaluated and discussed.     

晋江西溪流域茶园降雨径流产污特征

在野外模拟降雨条件下,开展了晋江西溪流域茶园和裸地的径流产沙及氮磷养分流失过程对比实验,研究结果表明,在相同降雨强度下,3种下垫面径流和产沙量顺序均为:裸地＞2年茶园＞4年茶园,径流量与产沙量之间呈显著正相关.对地表径流水相而言,2年茶园、4年茶园和裸地的TN流失量分别为:461.29、129.38和107.86 mg/m2;NO3-N流失量分别为:286.42、98.58和103.00 mg/m2,均占TN流失量的60％以上;NH4-N流失量分别为:48.67、16.19和4.42 mg/m2;Tp流失量分别为:34.71、16.47和23.88 mg/m2.对径流泥沙相而言,2年茶园、4年茶园和裸地的TN流失量分别为:379.28、44.81和747.16 mg/m2,占流失总量的比重在25.72％～87.93％之间;TP流失量分别为:27.94、4.17和58.85 mg/m2,占流失总量的比重在53.42％ ～68.36％之间.茶园的N、P主要随径流流失,而裸地以泥沙迁移为主.这说明茶叶种植具有一定的水土保持效应,且种植年限较长的茶园可显著减少随径流泥沙进入水体中的N、P元素.     

石化高架火炬污染源的大气环境影响评价要点

针对石化企业高架火炬污染源大气环境影响评价中存在的难点与问题,结合现行有关技术导则、工程规范和环境影响评价实践,提出了高架火炬大气环境影响评价的工作内容和评价原则,并对技术难点给出了解决方案,结合案例从环境影响和预测评价、环保措施、平面布置合理性等方面探讨了石化企业高架火炬污染源大气环境影响评价中的要点。     

Novel Glycopolymers Based on d-Mannose and Methacrylates: Synthesis, Thermal Stability and Biodegradability Testing

This paper presents the synthesis, thermal stability and biodegradability of new d-mannose glycopolymers. These glycopolymers have been obtained by free radical bulk copolymerization of d-mannose based glycomonomer, 1-O-(2′-hydroxy-3′-methacryloyloxypropyl)-2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-d-mannofuranose (Mm), and respectively d-mannose derived oligomer (Mo) with methyl methacrylate and respectively 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate. The chemical structures of Mm and Mo have been confirmed via FTIR, ¹H-NMR and HPLC–MS spectroscopy. The copolymerization process has been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, which allowed calculating the activation energies by applying Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose method. The glycopolymers are thermally stable, fact assessed by TG analysis; their glass transition temperature exceeds 50 °C, so they are part of the glassy class of polymers. The biodegradability of these glycopolymers has been investigated in vitro, using pure cultures of Zymomonas mobilis and Trichoderma reesei. The glycopolymers lose up to 55 % weight in just 14 days of incubation as their surface and composition is altered by colonies of microorganisms that grow on/into them, fact demonstrated using SEM/EDX.     

钴钛层柱粘土催化剂催脱除零价汞简

采用钴-钛层柱粘土催化剂,向烟气中添加HCl气体进行零价汞的催化脱除实验研究。考察了反应温度及催化剂的焙烧温度、Ti/粘土、活性组分（Co）负载量等制备条件对零价汞催化脱除效果的影响。研究表明,在HCl含量20×10^-6的模拟烟气中,焙烧温度为400℃、Ti/粘土为15 mmol/g、Co含量为5 wt%（以CoO计）的钴钛层柱粘土催化剂（Co-Ti-PILCs）在空速为1.0×10⁴ h^-1、温度为300℃时零价汞脱除效率为86.7%。     

国内成功运营的餐厨垃圾处理厂臭气排放特征研究简

选择目前国内成功运营的餐厨垃圾资源化处理厂为采样点,采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC/MS）技术对该厂的主要工段,如卸料室、破碎室、湿热反应器出气口、好氧发酵仓、厌氧发酵区以及厂界的臭气进行了定性和定量的分析。结果表明,6个采样点共检测出包括芳香烃、硫化物、卤代物、烯烃、烷烃、醇、醛、酮和酯在内的9类66种物质,各采样点臭气总浓度分别为：11.738、18.390、30.917、25.097、4.737和2.635 mg/m³。其中湿热反应器出气口处恶臭气体浓度最高,其芳香烃、硫化物、卤代物、烯烃、烷烃、酮及酯类物质均高于其他检测点,需对该工段进行重点监测和控制。恶臭排放特征分析表明,各点的H₂S浓度均超过嗅觉阈值,除厂界外甲硫醇和二甲二硫检测值均超过嗅觉阈值。     

微波辅助Cu(Ⅱ)-Fenton体系催化氧化处理对硝基苯酚废水

为了拓宽Fenton反应pH范围,提高降解效率、减少药剂用量,向Fenton体系中添加辅助催化剂Cu(Ⅱ),并对微波辅助催化氧化对硝基苯酚(PNP)模拟废水工艺进行了研究。提出微波辐照-放置处理工艺,并与普通全过程微波处理工艺进行了比较。结果表明,该体系处理工艺将Fenton反应最佳pH范围由2.0~3.5拓宽到2.0~5.5;在pH=5.0时,对于100 mg/L的PNP溶液,当[Cu2+]=0.8 mg/L、[Fe2+]=3.0 mg/L、[H2O2]=0.2 g/L,微波功率250 W,辐照2.0 min、放置4.0 min,PNP去除率可达98%以上;辅助催化剂Cu2+的加入增强了氧化效果,同时节约药品20%以上。通过对比实验发现,Cu2+与Fe2+发生了某种作用机制,联合促进了体系中·OH的生成。该反应体系不仅将传统Fenton反应体系狭窄的pH值范围延伸到接近中性的区域5.0~5.5,又可在短时间内使PNP去除率达到98%以上。     

烟气成分对负载V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2聚苯硫醚纤维脱除烟气中Hg~0的影响

通过固定床实验系统模拟烟气脱除Hg0的实验,研究了O2、HCl、NO、SO2、H2O和NH3对滤袋常用的聚苯硫醚(PPS)纤维负载V2O5-WO3/TiO2新型催化剂后脱除烟气中Hg0的影响,并分析其影响机理。结果表明,在温度为200℃、高纯N2气氛下,Hg0的脱除率很低,加入4%O2后,脱除率有所增加;0.05‰HCl条件下Hg0的脱除率仅为5%,而0.01‰HCl与4%O2并存的条件下,脱除率明显提高;NO对Hg0的催化氧化促进作用不是很显著;SO2对Hg0氧化具有毒害作用;H2O和NH3可抑制Hg0的脱除,O2的存在可抵消NH3的部分抑制作用。     

EDTA对氨基磷酸树脂去除水中Cu(Ⅱ)性能的影响

乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)是一种强络合剂,在化学镀铜工艺中广泛使用,并导致镀铜废水中含有一定量的EDTA。氨基磷酸树脂(APAR)吸附法被广泛应用于含铜工业废水治理。为优化该方法,研究不同EDTA/Cu(摩尔比)、pH、钠离子、钙离子浓度下EDTA对APAR去除铜离子性能的影响。溶液中EDTA浓度增加导致APAR去除Cu(Ⅱ)能力下降;pH=5时,EDTA对APAR除Cu(Ⅱ)性能的影响较小;EDTA对树脂除铜性能的削弱不受溶液中离子强度变化或Ca2+存在的影响。红外光谱分析表明,有一部分EDTA-Cu络合物被吸附到树脂内部。     

流态对活性污泥硝化性能及菌群结构的影响

生化反应器流态会影响基质分布,从而影响反应器内微生物的性能与菌群结构。在相同氮负荷下运行SBR和CSTR以对比分析2种典型流态(推流式和完全混合式)对活性污泥中硝化菌性能及其菌群结构的影响。结果表明,SBR中,氨氧化速率(AUR)和亚硝酸盐氧化速率(NUR)分别为(16.55±2.05)mg N/(L·g VSS·h)和(15.33±2.02)mg N/(L·g VSS·h),CSTR中AUR和NUR分别为(10.13±0.73)mg N/(L·g VSS·h)和(9.34±2.56)mg N/(L·g VSS·h);SBR中,氨氧化菌(AOB)和亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)含量分别为(3.4±0.3)%和(5.4±1.2)%,优势菌分别为Nitrosomonas europaea-Nitrosococcus mobilis lineage和Nitrobacter,CSTR中,AOB和NOB含量分别(3.1±0.4)%和(6.8±1.1)%,优势菌分别为Nitrosospira和Nitrospira。虽然2个流态下的硝化菌含量接近,但推流式的硝化速率比完全混合式高64%,这是因为推流式更有利于反应速率较快的r-strategist(Nitrosomonas europaea-Nitrosococcus mobilis lineage和Nitrobacter)生存,而完全混合式则更利于反应速率较慢K-strategist(Nitrosospira和Nitrospira)生存。