Mercury uptake by Paspalum distichum L. in relation to the mercury distribution pattern in rhizosphere soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Paspalum distichum L. was tested to evaluate their phytoremediation capacity for Hg contaminated soil through analyzing the dissipation of Hg in soil...     

基于Logistic方程描述的鱼食和阿特拉津共同作用对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响

在养殖水域中地表径流等可引起水域中除草剂浓度升高,威胁养殖水环境的生态平衡.为评价阿特拉津和鱼食在水环境中的生态风险,以ρ（阿特拉津）（0、5、10、20和40 μg/L）及鱼食（鱼食为MⅡ培养基中的氮、磷营养源）投加量（0.05、0.20 g;d < 0.85 mm）为变量,基于Logistic方程探讨阿特拉津和鱼食共同作用下铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）的生长,并研究藻类生长对鱼食营养盐的利用.结果表明:在ρ（阿特拉津）为0~40 μg/L范围内,铜绿微囊藻生长曲线均可用Logistic方程描述（R2=0.975~0.996）;一般情况下,基于Logistic方程得到的比生长速率、增殖速率和抑制率拟合公式均可描述相应实测值的变化,相关性分析得到的拟合值与实测值相关系数（R2）分别为0.861~0.992、0.381~0.839和0.621~0.839.相同ρ（阿特拉津）下,鱼食投加量对藻细胞密度有显著影响（P < 0.05）,Logistic方程拟合得到的理论最大藻细胞密度（K）随鱼食投加量的增加而增大.相同鱼食投加量下,ρ（阿特拉津）为5~40 μg/L时对藻类生长有抑制作用,随ρ（阿特拉津）增加,抑制强度逐渐升高,藻细胞密度越低,最大藻细胞密度随ρ（阿特拉津）的增加而减小.藻细胞密度与PO₄3--P利用量之间关系可用方程N=a×△cb描述,R2为0.23~0.99;藻细胞密度与NH₄+-N利用量之间关系可用方程N=a+b×△c描述,R2为0.04~0.99;藻细胞密度与TN/TP、NH₄+-N/TN和PO₄3--P/TP的关系均可用幂函数方程N=a"xb'描述,R2分别为0.72~0.78、0.66~0.83和0.55~0.56.研究显示,Logistic方程可用于分析阿特拉津和鱼食对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响,且藻类生长与营养盐质量浓度之间存在一定的定量关系.      

Shellac-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for removal of cadmium(II) ions from aqueous solution

This study describes a new effective adsorbent for cadmium removal from aqueous solution synthesized by coating a shellac layer, a natural biodegradable and renewable resin with abundant hydroxyl and carboxylic groups, on the surface of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) imaging showed shellac-coated magnetic nanoparticle (SCMN) adsorbents had a core-shell structure with a core of 20 nm and shell of 5 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic analysis suggested the occurrence of reaction between carboxyl groups on the SCMN adsorbent surface and cadmium ions in aqueous solution. Kinetic data were well described by pseudo second-order model and adsorption isotherms were fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich models with maximum adsorption capacity of 18.80 mg/g. SCMN adsorbents provided a favorable adsorption capacity under high salinity conditions, and cadmium could easily be desorbed using mild organic acid solutions at low concentration.     

都江堰市红色村干沟泥石流活动特征及危险性评估

"5·12"四川汶川大地震导致灾区地质灾害危险性大大增强,严重影响了周边居民的生命财产安全。都江堰市虹口乡红色干沟泥石流灾害隐患点是其中之一。根据泥石流的成因、类型、规模,以及泥石流的活动特征,对泥石流活动进行了危险性评估,指出泥石流防治工程方案应采用以排为主,适当拦挡的原则,建拦挡坝用以消能、调节泥石流流量;建防护堤用以限制泥石流漫流,对居民区进行有效防护。     

含砷废水净化剂的制备及其应用研究

本文描述了用黄铁矿和还原铁粉或其代用品为原料制备含砷废水净化剂－硫化亚铁的新方法，获得了制备的最佳条件，探讨了其在含砷废水处理中的应用条件和影响因素，结果表明，该净化剂的生产及其处理含砷废水的工艺简单，经济高效，具有良好的开发应用前景。     

pH和元素摩尔比对污泥酸化液沉淀法脱氮除磷的影响

针对剩余污泥水解酸化产生大量多糖、蛋白质和VFAs碳源的同时会有较高浓度的NH+4-N和PO3-4-P溶出的问题,考察了pH值和元素摩尔比对以沉淀法同时去除NH+4-N和PO3-4-P的影响.结果表明,最佳pH为9.0,当pH升高到10.0时NH+4-N去除率略有下降,在特定摩尔比范围内摩尔比对沉淀形成的影响大于pH值...     

Ionic composition of submicron particles (PM1.0) during the long-lasting haze period in January 2013 in Wuhan, central China

In January 2013, a long-lasting severe haze episode occurred in Northern and Central China; at its maximum, it covered a land area of approximately 1.4 million km². In Wuhan, the largest city in Central China, this event was the most severe haze episode in the 21st century. Aerosol samples of submicron particles (PM_1.0) were collected during the long-lasting haze episode at an urban site and a suburban site in Wuhan to investigate the ion characteristics of PM_1.0 in this area. The mass concentrations of PM_1.0 and its water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) were almost at the same levels at two sites, which indicates that PM_1.0 pollution occurs on a regional scale in Wuhan. WSIIs (Na⁺, NH₄⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl^-, NO₃^- and SO₄^2-) were the dominant chemical species and constituted up to 48.4% and 47.4% of PM_1.0 at WD and TH, respectively. The concentrations of PM_1.0 and WSIIs on haze days were approximately two times higher than on normal days. The ion balance calculations indicate that the particles were more acidic on haze days than on normal days. The results of the back trajectory analysis imply that the high concentrations of PM_1.0 and its water-soluble inorganic ions may be caused by stagnant weather conditions in Wuhan.     

西北干旱区中小城市水价探析

为了促进西北干旱区中小城市的快速、稳定的发展,解决该地区中小城市的水资源短缺问题,以水价作为出发点,充分利用水价格的经济杠杆作用,制定出该地区中小城市的水价。以西北干旱区中具有代表性的城市石河子为例,通过实地调研,得到石河子居民、居民生活用水情况、现行水价、居民家庭节水情况、居民的心理承受水价以及平时生活的节水意识等情况,通过分析,得出居民的心理承受偏低,现行水价仍有一定的上调空间,调价范围为1.58~2.31元/m3,最高可调至4.11元/m3。结合石河子的水价,为西北干旱区的中小城镇的水价改革、提高水资源的利用率等提出一些切实可行的建议。     

β-蒎烯的液相臭氧化反应研究

研究β－蒎烯的液相臭氧化反应,利用ＧＣ／ＭＳ联用系统监测,分析了反应的全过程,确定臭氧化反应的主要产物是不蒎酮,产率为４６％,在Ｏ３存在下稳定,无次级反应,根据液相反应的分析结果,对气相反应的可能机理进行了讨论。     

基于臭氧溶胞的活性污泥减量化技术

目前常见的活性污泥减量技术主要包括解偶联技术、微生物的捕食作用以及隐性生长三种方法。基于臭氧氧化溶胞作用从而强化细菌隐性生长的污泥减量技术具有较好的处理效果及良好的应用前景。着重探讨了臭氧溶胞作用的机理及溶胞过程的影响因素。考虑到污泥减量技术在实际污水处理系统中的应用,探讨了臭氧溶胞对污水生物处理系统的影响。