Sulfur-containing amino acid methionine as the precursor of volatile organic sulfur compounds in algea-induced black bloom

After the application of methionine, a progressive and significant increase occurred in five volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs): methanethiol (MeSH), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) and dimethyl tetrasulfide (DMTeS). Even in the untreated control without a methionine addition, methionine and its catabolites (VOSCs, mainly DMDS) were found in considerable amounts that were high enough to account for the water’s offensive odor. However, blackening only occurred in two methionine-amended treatments. The VOSCs production was observed to precede black color development, and the reaching of a peak value for total VOSCs was often followed by water blackening. The presence of glucose stimulated the degradation of methionine while postponing the occurrence of the black color and inhibiting the production of VOSCs. In addition, DMDS was found to be the most abundant species produced after the addition of methionine alone, and DMTeS appeared to be the most important compound produced after the addition of methionine+glucose. These results suggest that methionine acted as an important precursor of the VOSCs in lakes suffering from algea-induced black bloom. The existence of glucose may change the transformation pathway of methionine into VOSCs to form larger molecular weight compounds, such as DMTS and DMTeS.     

成都市小流域水环境治理模式和经验研究

根据成都市小流域治理的实际情况及污染控制现状,在资料分析和充分的现场调研基础上,对成都市2007年以来各地在小流域水污染防治方面的模式、经验和措施进行总结,并从中选择具有代表性的典型的小流域,对小流域治理工作进行详细分析探讨,对其采取措施、实施效果、推广价值等进行研究。     

二氧化氮与相关室内空气品质问题的研究综述

二氧化氮是室内空气的主要污染物之一。从技术层面上介绍了室内空气的二氧化氮采集与测量方法,重点介绍了被动式采样法、分光光度法、化学发光法和库伦原电池法。详细分析了影响室内二氧化氮浓度的主要因素及室内二次污染的相关研究,归纳了其对人类健康的不良影响,并提出室内二次污染是未来的重要研究方向。     

自上而下的城市能源消耗碳排放估算方法

快速的城镇化进程带来城市碳排放的快速增长,准确的城市水平碳排放数据对于制定科学合理的碳减排政策极为关键,明确碳排放源的关键类别可以做到有的放矢和精准管控.但是目前中国碳排放数据的研究主要集中在国家、地区和省级层面,城市水平由于所需基础数据的不透明和不准确,长久以来缺乏完整的碳排放清单.为解决该问题,在以前相关研究的基础上,通过省级能源平衡表,尝试利用合理的分配指标从省级碳排放数据估算出下属城市的碳排放,构建了一套自上而下的城市能源消耗碳排放估算方法.通过与现有可获得的城市水平数据进行对比,发现估算差距均在10%以内,证明了该方法的可行性和准确性,并尝试在时间尺度进行了扩展.为获取在时间和空间上均连续的中国城市能源消耗碳排放数据提供了科学的方法和合理的思路,也能为各城市分配减排任务和城市间进行减排协商提供可靠的数据支撑.     

秦皇岛市土壤侵蚀的特点、原因及保护对策

土壤侵蚀是一种危害严重、分布范围广的生态环境问题,影响人与自然的和谐共存,以及各业生产的可持续发展。通过分析秦皇岛市土壤侵蚀特点、原因,提出综合治理土壤侵蚀的对策和措施,以期为今后该区土壤侵蚀防治与治理提供科学依据。     

土壤重金属污染及其修复技术研究

土壤重金属污染物有汞、镉、铅、锌等,主要来源于交通运输、工业污染和农业污染。土壤重金属污染会导致农作物减产甚至死亡,对人体健康也会产生极大危害。目前土壤重金属污染修复的技术主要包括工程修复法、物理化学修复法、化学修复法和生物修复法。植物修复技术作为一种新兴的绿色、生态、高效的修复技术具有良好的发展前景。     

多输入多输出(MIMO)振动试验技术

多输入多输出(MIMO)振动试验由于可以更好的模拟产品的真实工作环境,是振动试验的一个发展方向。本文分析了其产生需求的根本原因,同时介绍了国内外的发展现状及其应用情况,之后对MIMO试验系统进行了分类,介绍了试验控制器和控制方法,并探讨了其工程实施所存在困难。最后针对我国MIMO试验技术的发展提出了建议,并对前景进行了展望。     

污泥热解残渣制备聚合氯化铝的实验研究＊

含铝污泥热解或焚烧残渣制备聚合氯化铝的研究,有利于实现污水处理过程投加的铝盐絮凝药剂的回收与高效循环利用,减少污染物排放和资源消耗。针对辽河油田欢三联稠油污水处理污泥的热解残渣具有较高铝含量的特点,开展采用盐酸进行铝溶出及制备聚合氯化铝的实验研究。结果表明:焙烧温度为700～750℃,焙烧时间控制在1h即可。将经过焙烧活化的残渣在常温下进行酸溶,酸溶时间为2～5h,选用25%～30%盐酸,氧化铝与盐酸的摩尔比为1∶1.0～1∶1.2为宜。将溶出的铝溶液制备聚合氯化铝,在常温下采用CaO粉末来调节pH值为3.5,聚合反应时间为1d,即可得聚合氯化铝溶液。     

Simple model of sludge thickening process in secondary settlers

In wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), a secondary settler acts as a clarifier, sludge thickener, and sludge storage tank during peak flows and therefore plays an important role in the performance of the activated sludge process. Sludge thickening occurs in the lower portions of secondary clarifiers during their operation. In this study, by detecting the hindered zone from the complete thickening process of activated sludge, a simple model for the sludge thickening velocity, u _s = aX ^b (a = 0.9925SSVI _3.5, b = 3.541ln(SSVI _3.5)+12.973), describing the potential and performance of activated sludge thickening in the hindered zone was developed. However, sludge thickening in the compression zone was not studied because sludge in the compression zone showed limited thickening. This empirical model was developed using batch settling data obtained from four WWTPs and validated using measured data from a fifth WWTP to better study sludge thickening. To explore different sludge settling and thickening mechanisms, the curves of sludge thickening and sludge settling were compared. Finally, it was found that several factors including temperature, stirring, initial depth, and polymer conditioning can lead to highly concentrated return sludge and biomass in a biologic reactor.     

Changes of microbial composition during wastewater reclamation and distribution systems revealed by high-throughput sequencing analyses

This study employed 454-pyrosequencing to investigate microbial and pathogenic communities in two wastewater reclamation and distribution systems. A total of 11972 effective 16S rRNA sequences were acquired from these two reclamation systems, and then designated to relevant taxonomic ranks by using RDP classifier. The Chao index and Shannon diversity index showed that the diversities of microbial communities decreased along wastewater reclamation processes. Proteobacteria was the most dominant phylum in reclaimed water after disinfection, which accounted for 83% and 88% in two systems, respectively. Human opportunistic pathogens, including Clostridium, Escherichia, Shigella, Pseudomonas and Mycobacterium, were selected and enriched by disinfection processes. The total chlorine and nutrients (TOC, NH₃-N and NO₃-N) significantly affected the microbial and pathogenic communities during reclaimed water storage and distribution processes. Our results indicated that the disinfectant-resistant pathogens should be controlled in reclaimed water, since the increases in relative abundances of pathogenic bacteria after disinfection implicate the potential public health associated with reclaimed water.