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231.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination of surface sediments and oysters from the inter-tidal areas of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gaspare L Machiwa JF Mdachi SJ Streck G Brack W 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(1):24-34
Surface sediment and oyster samples from the inter-tidal areas of Dar es Salaam were analyzed for 23 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including the 16 compounds prioritized by US-EPA using GC/MS. The total concentration of PAHs in the sediment ranged from 78 to 25,000 ng/g dry weight, while oyster concentrations ranged from 170 to 650 ng/g dry weight. Hazards due to sediment contamination were assessed using Equilibrium Partitioning Sediment Benchmarks and Threshold Effect Levels. Diagnostic indices and principle component analysis were used to identify possible sources. Interestingly, no correlation between sediment and oyster concentrations at the same sites was found. This is supported by completely different contamination patterns, suggesting different sources for both matrices. Hazard assessment revealed possible effects at six out of eight sites on the benthic communities and oyster populations. The contribution of PAH intake via oyster consumption to carcinogenic risks in humans seems to be low. 相似文献
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Ulrike Kammann Michael Vobach Werner Wosniok Andreas Schäffer Andreas Telscher 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(2):227-231
Background, aim and scope Nonylphenol (NP) can be detected in the aquatic environment all over the world. It is applied as a technical mixture of isomers
of which 353-NP is the most relevant both in terms of abundance (about 20% of total mass) and endocrine potential. 353-NP
is metabolised in sewage sludge. The aims of the present study were to determine and to compare the acute toxicity of t-NP,
353-NP and its metabolites as well as to discuss if the toxicity of 353-NP changes during degradation.
Materials and methods 353-NP and two of its metabolites were synthesised. The zebrafish embryo test was performed according to standard protocols.
Several lethal and non-lethal endpoints during embryonal development were reported. NOEL, LOEL and EC50 were calculated.
Results All tested compounds caused lethal as well as non-lethal malformations during embryo development. 353-NP showed a higher toxicity
(EC50 for lethal endpoints 6.7 mg/L) compared to its metabolites 4-(3.5-dimethyl-3-heptyl)-2-nitrophenol (EC50 13.3 mg/L) and 4-(3,5-dimethyl-3-heptyl)-2-bromophenol (EC50 27.1 mg/L).
Discussion In surface water, concentrations of NP are far below the NOEC identified by the zebrafish embryo test. However, in soils and
sewage sludge, concentrations may reach or even exceed these concentrations. Therefore, sludge-treated sites close to surface
waters should be analysed for NP and its metabolites in order to detect an unduly high contamination due to runoff events.
Conclusions The results of the present study point out that the toxicity of 353-NP probably declines during metabolisation in water, sediment
and soil, but does not vanish since the major metabolites exhibit a clear toxic potential for zebrafish embryos.
Recommendations and perspectives Metabolites of environmental pollutants should be included in the ecotoxicological test strategy for a proper risk assessment.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
234.
Chin-Kai Meng Stephen L Werner Edward T Furlong 《环境化学》2008,27(1):127-130
使用固相萃取和液相色谱/质谱/质谱,在正离子和负离子模式下,分别分析了46个和14个农药化合物.无需衍生化,就能达到pg水平的分析灵敏度.对于所有农药的化合物,在5 pg-1 ng的范围内具有很好的线性. 相似文献
235.
氯酚的生物降解特性及其微生物的16SrRNA基因序列分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
从受氯代有机物污染的土壤中富集分离到对2、4-二氯酚具有高效降解能力的微生物混合菌群。实验表明,降解1mol二氯酚可以定量释放出2mol的氯离子,在生物流化床反应器中,以聚胺酯泡沫块为固定化载体吸附固定化微生物,进行了连续降解氯酚的实验研究,当水力停留时间为24h,二氯酚的初始浓度为30μmol/L时,二氯酚的去除率均在90%以上,利用平板划线法从混合微生物菌群中分离到可以利用二氯酚为唯一碳源和能源的纯种微生物,16SrRNA基因序列分析结果表明,该微生物为Rhodococcus属。 相似文献
236.
237.
Bioventing is a relatively new technology that uses forced air movement to deliver supplemental oxygen to contaminated soils to stimulate the biodegradation of contaminants by indigenous microorganisms. A bioventing pilot test was initiated at Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska, in August 1992, at a site contaminated with jet fuel. Air was injected into the subsurface over a period of 15 months, and tests were conducted at 6 months, and again at 15 months, to determine the effectiveness of the system. This article describes the bioventing process and its application at this test site. The results of the pilot test are discussed to illustrate the extent of the remediation accomplished through bioventing. 相似文献
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239.
Werner E. G. Müller 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1995,82(7):321-329
Dedicated to Prof. Dr. H. Risler and Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. R. K Zahn 相似文献
240.