This article discusses the current framework of coastal decision making which tends to exclude participation by individuals and those without a strong institutional representation. A distinction is drawn between institutional and local stakeholders to illustrate weaknesses in the existing decision framework. It is argued that particularly in the coastal environment, the relationship between changes in physical form and changes in social welfare is critical to understanding how decision making may engage more fully with local stakeholders and ultimately improve decision outcomes. A reordering of stakeholder engagement in decision systems at the coast is proposed and a framework is outlined which enhances the capacity of local stakeholders to influence decision making. 相似文献
Tenant participation in council housing management; Housing Development.
Directorate Occasional Paper 2/77, DoE London, 1977.
Getting tenants involved: a handbook on systems of tenant participation in housing management; DoE London, 1977.
La politica dei servizi tra razionalizzazione e rinnovamento
Alberto L'Abate (1978)
Marsilio Editori, Padova, pp. 316
Handbook for Environmental Planning: the social consequences of environmental change.
J. McEnvoy & T. Dietz (1977)
New York, J. Wiley, pp. 323. Price £15.50
Planning and Urbanism in China
Progress in Planning Vol. 8, Part 2, Fo. 1 N. Jeffrey and M. Caldwell, pp. 97–182, 1977
Pergamen, £4.00
The European Community's Regional Fund
Ross B. Talbot
Progress in Planning, Vol. 8, Part 3, pp. 183–281
Pergamon Press, 1977
Providing the Posh Words
W. Hampton, DoE
1978. £1.50. 60pp.
Four Titles on Conservation
A Critical Bibliography of Building Conservation. John F. Smith. Mansell, London 1978. 207 pages including index. Hard back, £12.90.
Conservation and Planning. Alan Doby. Hutchinson — The Built Environment. 1978. 173 pages. Some illustrations. Paper back, £3.25.
A Study in Conservation. Winston Barnett and Cyril Winskell. Oriel Press, 1977. 45 pages, in English, French and German. Illustrated. Paper back, £3.75.
Interpreting the Conserved Environment. Working Paper No. 29. Brian Goodey. Oxford Polytechnic Department of Town and Country Planning, 1977. 65 pages. Paper back, not priced.
ABSTRACT: Spatial distribution of soil and water properties and the correlations between them and crop yield were determined for a natural rainfall environment. Hydraulic conductivity, soil texture, water retention, and soil-water flux were variables used to investigate their relationship to crop yield using multiple regression techniques. Variations in crop yields on a watershed with a 3 to 4 percent slope and moderately erosive soils were related to soil-water characteristics and soil properties along slope and with depth. Climatic conditions to sustain crop growth and yield ranged from inadequate soil water in 1983 to adequate soil water in 1984. Crop yield was predicted with models using both available and measured soil-water content. Available water content provided a better model for the prediction of water yield and does not require field measurements of actual soil-water content. Soil water holding capacity was more significant for predicting crop yield in soils with moderate to high silt content than infiltrability of water into the soil. 相似文献
Shadrach Woods, The Man in the Street, Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1975
W. Houghton Evans, Planning Cities, London, Lawrence & Wishart, 1975, £7
R. Taylor, M. Cox & I. Dickens eds., Britain's Planning Heritage, London, Croom Helm for The Royal Town Planning Institute, 1975. £5.75 (hardcover) £3.50 (paperback)
Development Plan Evaluation and Robustness: Application of an Analytical Programme and a Review of Measures of Performance, Department of the Environment Research Report 5 Local Government Operations Research Unit Report C217, 1976. Gratis.
J. Appleton, The Experience of Landscape, London, John Wiley, 1975
J. D. Hunt & P. Willis eds., The Genius of the Place: The English Landscape Garden 1620–1820, London, Paul Elek, 1976. £12.50
N. Pevsner, Staffordshire, Harmondsworth, Middx., Penguin Buildings of England Series, 1974, £3.50 (hardcover)
R. Bailey & M. Brake eds., Radical Social Work, London: Edward Arnold, 1975. £4.25 (hardcover) £1.95 (paperback)
and
The Use of Action Research in Developing Urban Planning Policy: Report of Colloquium, Bristol, June 1975 London, Department of the Environment, 1975.
M. Harloe, Swindon: A Town in Transition, London, Heinemann for the centre for Environmental Studies, 1975.
D. W. Pearce ed., The Economics of Natural Resource Depletion, London, Macmillan, 1975.
J. B. Goddard, Office Location in Urban and Regional Development
B. Fullerton, The Development of British Transport Networks
B. T. Robson, Urban Social Areas
P. L. Knox, Social Well‐Being: A Spatial Perspective
Four volumes in the Theory and Practice in Geography series, edited by J. W. House, A. S. Gouldie & J. H. C. Patten and published by Oxford University Press, 1975. All paperback at £0.90.
James A. Swan & William B. Stapp eds., Environmental Education: Strategies Toward a More Liveable Future, Halstead Press — John Wiley, 1974.
A. G. Wilson & M. J. Kirkby, Mathematics for Geographers and Planners, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975 相似文献
Sensitive analytical methods indicate the presence of hundreds of chemical contaminants in our environment. However, concentration of these pollutants is usually at the low parts per million or parts per billion level. At such low levels, toxicants induce long-term (chronic) rather than short-term (acute) toxicities. Experiments are designed to evaluate chronic toxicity using early bioindicators. Recently, fish have been used as experimental animals because some species show early (weeks as opposed to years in other research animals), sensitive responses. Thus, medaka (Oryzias latipes), following exposure to diethylnitrosamine (DEN), exhibited liver tumors in several weeks; more interestingly its DNA was modified (to a DNA-adduct) after only 24–48 hours exposure. Such adducts show promise as early bioindicators because they are formed within hours of exposure. The formation of DNA-adducts were monitored in medaka and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) exposed to DEN by aqueous or intra-peritoneal routes. Using HPLC-Fluorimetry, O6-ethylguanine (O6-EtGua) was detected and monitored in acid thermal hydrolysates of DNA isolates. (Detection limit for O6-EtGua was as low as 3 ng, 1.7×10-11 moles). Fourier transform cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry with IR laser desorption/ionization was used advantageously to establish the structure of nucleotides, bases and nucleosides directly, without further cumbersome derivatizations. Other aspects of DNA-adducts are discussed. 相似文献
The vertical distribution of chlorophylla, copepods, dissolved free amino acid concentration and the fixation of14C by phytoplankton were monitored in the springs of 1983, 1987 and 1988 in the Ushant front region, shelf edge of the Celtic Sea and central Irish Sea, respectively. In each area, two stations characterized by mixed and stratified water conditions were compared. Vertical distributions of amino acids coincided with the distribution of copepods. A positive and significant correlation was found between the abudance of copepods and the concentration of amino acids dissolved in seawater. A negative and significant correlation was found between chlorophylla and the concentration of amino acids. Enrichment of amino acids ( 20 to 500 nM l–1 at specific depths) due to aspartic and glutamic acids, glutamine and ornithine, was assumed to reflect copepod feeding activity and faecal production. At these depths, the natural concentration and diversity of amino acids, including aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, serine, histidine, glutamine, arginine, threonine, glycine, alanine, tyrosine, valine, phenylalanine, ornithine and lysine, were high enough and in the correct proportions for triggering feeding and swimming and swarming behavior of copepods, as well as their remote detection of food at the micro- and meso-scales (1 to 10 m). This accumulation of amino acids also constitutes a potential additional source of organic nitrogen for bacteria and phytoplankton. 相似文献
Snakes are common predators of organisms, such as amphibians, with toxic defenses that can be lethal to other predators. Because snakes do not have the option of dissecting prey into edible versus inedible components, they face a full dose of any chemical defenses encountered during attempted predation. This limitation has likely resulted in intense selection favoring the evolution of alternative mechanisms for dealing with prey toxins. These mechanisms can be physiological (e.g., resistance to prey toxins) or behavioral (e.g., toxin sampling and rejection). When physiological resistance arises, the possibility of bioaccumulation of a toxin results. We examined the coevolutionary interaction between the common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) and the rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa), which contains a powerful neurotoxin called tetrodotoxin (TTX). In some populations syntopic with newts, individuals of T. sirtalis have evolved resistance to TTX. We examined the persistence of TTX in T. sirtalis after administration of an oral dose of TTX to investigate the possibility that snakes are sequestering TTX. The half-life of TTX in snake liver was estimated at 8.1?days. Accordingly, clearance of 99% of a single dose of TTX averages 61?days. Negative fitness consequences of intoxication during and after newt consumption may be balanced by co-opting the newts?? chemical defense for protection from the snakes?? own predators. Accounting of the coevolutionary dynamic between snakes and newts must incorporate post-consumption affects of lingering TTX. 相似文献