This study was a preliminary step to evaluate the acute toxicity of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride ([C8mim]Cl) on loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) by determining the effects on hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities and by the comet assay. The results showed that [C8mim]Cl had acute toxicity at concentrations above 20 mg L?1, inducing oxidative stress and genotoxicity on fish liver cells. In respect to enzyme activities, [C8mim]Cl induced changes in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione content the livers of fish exposed at 20–80 mg L?1. [C8mim]Cl at the same exposure level caused a remarkable increase in malondialdehyde level. The comet assay indicated that [C8mim]Cl at 20–80 mg L?1 induced genotoxicity in liver cells. With increased exposure concentration and time, the two comet parameters trailing rate and tail moment were significantly increased, with significant differences (P < 0.05) observed between control group and each treatment group. The present study shows that ionic liquids can be a threat to the health of aquatic organism when accidentally released to aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Chromium (Cr) is one of the most widely used heavy metals in industrial processes, resulting in water and soil pollution that seriously threaten... 相似文献
厚果含笑(Michelialacei)生长在供给6mmolL-1NO3-(高氮)和2mmolL-1NO3-(低氮)Hoagland溶液的盆栽土中,利用PAM-2100叶绿素荧光仪、Licor-6400LCF荧光叶室和WatersHPLC分别测定叶绿素a荧光参数和类胡萝卜素组分,研究氮营养对光系统II(PSII)光化效率和光或暗下热耗散过程的影响.结果表明,在自然光日进程中叶片的开启PSII反应中心的内在量子效率(Fv/Fm)随光辐射增强而降低.低氮叶片Fv/Fm较高氮叶片降低明显(P<0.05).低氮叶片表现较明显的光抑制现象,反映低氮叶片对光抑制比高氮叶片敏感.高氮叶片比低氮叶片有低的PSII光化效率(ΦPSⅡ,P<0.05).高氮叶片依赖光的ΔpH和叶黄素介导的热耗散效率(ΦNPQ)和光下热耗散速率(JNPQ)则较低氮叶片高(P<0.05),结果反映高氮营养增进光下热耗散效率和速率.高氮叶片的紫黄质(A) 玉米黄质(Z)和叶黄素循环色素的转换态(A Z/V A Z)则较低氮叶片高(P<0.05).高氮叶片有较高光下热耗散(NPQ)和相应较高的(A Z)或(A Z/V A Z),叶片通过叶黄素循环色素以热的形式耗散过剩能;而低氮叶片表现高的总荧光淬灭和暗下热耗散.充足氮叶片有较低的光化效率,增高了光呼吸,并通过增强通过叶黄素循环色素的大量耗散过剩能.结果显示,过量氮输入将降低植物光能利用效率.图6表3参28 相似文献