太湖蓝藻水华时空分布与预警监测响应的分析

选择2007和2008年200幅EOS/MODIS太湖蓝藻监测遥感影像,统计分析了梅梁湾、竺山湾宜兴段、贡湖湾、东太湖胥口湾和湖州方向湖体蓝藻水华爆发的空间和时间分布规律。并在得出全太湖蓝藻水华空间和时间分布规律的基础上,从环境监测部门蓝藻预警监测工作的实际出发,将蓝藻水华预警监测的响应划分为常规监测和应急监测,提出了具体的监测要求,为环太湖地区的相关部门更好地开展蓝藻预警监测工作提供了科学依据。     

“加压上浮法”应急除藻技术在水源地的应用示范

近年来,太湖蓝藻水华问题日趋严峻,除藻技术是解决该问题最直接而有效的手段,对现有各类除藻技术进行了比较,并以"加压上浮法"应急除藻技术在苏州阳澄湖局部地区的示范工程为例,介绍了该方法的技术原理、技术实现以及在工程应用中的实际意义,为同行在水源地或特殊功能区除藻技术的应用提供参考。     

活性炭纤维处理腐植酸废水

采用活性碳纤维处理腐植酸模拟废水,通过静态吸附和动态吸附的研究,测定吸附等温线和动态吸附曲线;研究不同温度、不同活性炭纤维、不同pH值和流速对处理效果的影响。     

PSO和SVM混合算法确定太湖入湖河流水质主要影响因子

以影响太湖入湖河流水质的24个因子值为研究对象,将PSO算法与SVM算法相结合。PSO算法用于优化SVM算法的参数c和g,以利于快速、高效地确定c和g的全局最优值;SVM算法基于最优的c和g,分别以24,21,18,15,12,9和6个因子作为特征向量预测水质的污染程度。结果表明,当特征向量为9个影响因子时预测率最高。其参数c=18.56,g=1.35,对应的预测率为：全局预测率92.59%,重度污染水质预测率88.89%,轻度污染水质预测率94.45%。因此,通过PSO和SVM混合算法,可以确定影响太湖入湖河流水质的主要因子,利用这些主要因子对水质进行预测预警,不但可以节省时间,而且可以得到精确的结果。     

Assessing soil and groundwater contamination in a metropolitan redevelopment project

The purpose of this study was to assess contaminated soil and groundwater for the urban redevelopment of a rapid transit railway and a new mega-shopping area. Contaminated soil and groundwater may interfere with the progress of this project, and residents and shoppers may be exposed to human health risks. The study area has been remediated after application of first remediation technologies. Of the entire area, several sites were still contaminated by waste materials and petroleum. For zinc (Zn) contamination, high Zn concentrations were detected because waste materials were disposed in the entire area. For petroleum contamination, high total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and hydrocarbon degrading microbe concentrations were observed at the depth of 7 m because the underground petroleum storage tank had previously been located at this site. Correlation results suggest that TPH (soil) concentration is still related with TPH (groundwater) concentration. The relationship is taken into account in the Spearman coefficient (α).     

Characterization of the monthly variation in (1 → 3)-β-d-glucan concentrations in university laboratories

We characterize the monthly variation in (1 → 3)-β-d-glucan concentration measured over the course of 1 year, and we evaluate the characteristics of size selection using a two-stage cyclone sampler. The (1 → 3)-β-d-glucan concentrations were measured in four bio-related laboratories. A total of 156 samples were collected using a new two-stage cyclone sampler. Analysis of (1 → 3)-β-d-glucan was performed using the kinetic Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. The study showed that airborne (1 → 3)-β-d-glucan concentrations were significantly higher in laboratory D (mean ± SD 1,105?±?1,893 pg/m³) and in the spring (5,458 pg/m³). The highest concentration of (1 → 3)-β-d-glucan occurred in the spring, particularly in May.     

红枫湖水库水体富营养化及浮游植物群落结构特征

2008-2009年通过对红枫湖水库浮游植物及环境因子进行采样调查,并运用综合营养状态指数对红枫湖水库营养状态进行评价.研究结果显示,红枫湖水库浮游植物全年以蓝藻、绿藻为主的优势种群落,且在2008-2009年经常性局部发生蓝藻水华:冬、春季节主要是水华束丝藻(Aphanizomenon flos-aquae)的蓝藻水华;夏季主要是微囊藻属(Microcystis)蓝藻水华;秋季浮游植物主要是颗粒直链藻(Melosira)和小环藻属(Cyclotella)为主的硅藻类群,未出现水华现象.通过综合营养状态指数计算得红枫湖水库水体水质处于富营养化状态.     

东营春季PM10中有机碳和元素碳的污染特征及来源

2010年4月采集了东营市大气PM10样品,测定了PM10的浓度,并采用IMPROVE-TOR方法准确测量了样品中的8个碳组分.结果表明,采样期间,东营市大气PM10的平均浓度为(147.02±56.22) μg/m3;PM10中有机碳(0C)、元素碳(EC)浓度平均值分别为11.82、3.68 μg/m 3;PM10中OC和EC显著相关,表明OC、EC的来源相同;所有采样点PM10中OC/EC均大于2.15,表明存在二次有机碳(SOC)的贡献;PM10中SOC平均质量浓度是3.91 μg/m3,占OC质量浓度的33.08％;通过计算PM10中8个碳组分丰度,初步判断东营市颗粒物中碳的主要来源是汽车尾气、道路扬尘和燃煤.     

京杭运河苏州市区段大型底栖动物种群结构特征与评价

对京杭运河苏州市区段4个点位进行了底栖动物群落结构和多样性进行多年研究,并进行了水质评价。结果表明,底栖动物共12种,寡毛类的克拉泊水丝蚓为各点位的优势种;从时间尺度来看,S1点位的物种种类数量从2008年开始明显增加,软体类物种出现,种群密度也在增加,生物污染指数下降,水质明显改善;从空间尺度来看,京杭运河苏州市区段上游和中游物种种类数量要多于下游和老运河城区段,下游水质有所下降。     

珠三角地区造纸行业排水中二 NFDA1 英(PCDD/Fs)特征分析

研究采用¹³C同位素内标稀释定量法,高分辨气相色谱质谱法(HRGC-HRMS)对珠三角地区造纸行业排水中PCDD/Fs特征进行了分析。结果表明,该地区造纸行业PCDD/Fs含量为:4.75~80.05 pg/L,且以OCDD占主导地位;同时该类行业PCDD/Fs的TEQ为:0.21~2.02 pg TEQ/L。最后通过对该类行业排水中PCDD/Fs的TEQ年排放量进行讨论,其结果为0.30~12.97 mg TEQ,且年平均排放量(4.42 mgTEQ)只占我国造纸行业TEQ总排放量的很小一部分。