Nitrate and ammonium ions removal from groundwater by a hybrid system of zero-valent iron combined with adsorbents

Nitrate (NO(3)(-)) is a commonly found contaminant in groundwater and surface water. It has created a major water quality problem worldwide. The laboratory batch experiments were conducted to investigate the feasibility of HCl-treated zero-valent iron (Fe(0)) combined with different adsorbents as hybrid systems for simultaneous removal of nitrate (NO(3)(-)) and ammonium (NH(4)(+)) ions from aqueous solution. The maximum NO(3)(-) removal in combined Fe(0)-granular activated carbon (GAC), Fe(0)-filtralite and Fe(0)-sepiolite systems was 86, 96 and 99%, respectively, at 45 °C for 24 h reaction time. The NO(3)(-) removal rate increased with the increase in initial NO(3)(-) concentration. The NO(3)(-) removal efficiency by hybrid systems was in the order of sepiolite > filtralite > GAC. The NH(4)(+) produced during the denitrification process by Fe(0) was successfully removed by the adsorbents, with the removal efficiency in the order of GAC > sepiolite > filtralite. Results of the present study suggest that the use of a hybrid system could be a promising technology for achieving simultaneous removal of NO(3)(-) and NH(4)(+) ions from aqueous solution.     

热带爪蟾胚胎在水质监测中的应用

分析了热带爪蟾胚胎用于水质监测的理论基础,综述了其在环境科学中的应用前景,总结评价了热带爪蟾胚胎用于水质监测的方法及应用实例,并讨论了其用于水质评价目前存在的问题.热带爪蟾是一种良好的模式生物,需要对其加强实际应用研究.     

浅谈地表水重金属污染监测现状及对策

介绍了重金属污染的现状及危害,并分析了国内外重金属监测现状.阐述当前地表水重金属监测的主要方法和原理,指出地表水重金属监测工作存在的主要问题,并对重金属监测工作提出了对策和建议.     

Concentrations of microcystins in tissues of several fish species from freshwater reservoirs and ponds

The aim of this study is to summarise the determination of concentrations of microcystins (MCs) in muscle and liver of freshwater fish species caught in stagnant waters of the Czech Republic. Within the years 2007–2009, 351 muscle samples and 291 liver samples of 16 freshwater fish species derived from four fishponds, and four water reservoirs were analysed. MCs were detected in 53 liver samples. The highest concentrations of microcystins were determined in liver samples of carnivorous fish species; 50.3 ng/g of fresh weight (FW) in perch (Perca fluviatilis) and 22.7 ng/g FW in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). MCs in liver were detected in other five fish species; asp (Aspius aspius), pike (Esox lucius), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Concentrations of MCs in liver of nine fish species (European bream, whitefish, tench, silver carp, European catfish, roach, chub, crucian carp and rudd) were below the detection limit of 1.2–5.4 ng/g FW for different MC congeners. However, the concentrations of MCs in all muscle samples were below the detection limit. The assessment of MCs concentrations might be influenced by the detection method used. Due to the concentrations of MCs being below the detection limit in muscle samples of all fish species analysed, it seems that there might be a low potential threat for human health in case of fish muscle consumption.     

齐齐哈尔市春季大气中PM2.5的污染特征分析

2013年4—6月分析了齐齐哈尔市大气PM2.5的浓度特征、元素组成、水溶性离子及其来源,并利用单颗粒分析技术获得了单颗粒的形貌、化学组成及粒度分布。结果表明,监测周期PM2.5日均质量浓度为34μg/m3,受气象条件影响显著。PM2.5单颗粒类型主要为烟尘集合体、飞灰和矿物颗粒,分别来源于煤炭燃料的燃烧、机动车尾气排放和扬尘。其中约90%的PM2.5颗粒粒径小于1.0μm,属大气细粒子。全样分析表明,PM2.5主要组成元素是Al、Fe、Ca、K、Mg和Na,而Zn、Cu和Pb因受到人为污染富集度较高。SO42-、NO3-和Cl-为PM2.5主要监测到的水溶性阴离子,NO3-与SO42-的质量浓度比说明了固定排放源对齐齐哈尔市春季大气PM2.5的贡献大于移动排放源。     

精河流域近56年气候特征分析

通过精河县气象站近56年观测的降水、气温、日照总量数据,分析了近56年来精河地区的气候变化特征.得出如下结论:①精河流域的降水有明显上升的趋势;气温也呈明显上升的总趋势,年、代际有较大起伏;年日照总量呈下降趋势,表明阴雨天增多,反应了新疆气候逐步向暖湿气候转型.②精河流域降水量年际变化的周期性振荡特征比较明显;气温年际变化的周期性振荡特征不太明显;日照总量周期性震荡比较明显.③精河流域全年的气温、降水和日照总量的相关程度并不高,随气温升高降水增加,降水升高日照总量降低.④气候的暖湿转型减少了研究区内沙尘暴天气的发生次数.     

环境质量监测数据综合管理平台的设计及应用

适应环境监测数据管理需求,开发了环境质量监测数据综合管理平台（以下简称“综合管理平台”）并在业务工作中推广应用。介绍了综合管理平台在监测数据传输与审核、数据库有效管理等方面的功能特点,并通过与传统的数据传输校验、审核管理方式的对比,重点阐述了综合管理平台在加强数据管理规范性、提高数据管理效率、保障监测数据质量等方面所具有的优势。     

学龄儿童呼吸系统疾病、症状影响因素研究

用非条件 Logistic回归分析方法研究空气污染对学龄儿童呼吸系统疾病、症状的影响。结果表明 ,控制年龄、性别、父亲和母亲受教育水平、住房结构、家庭烹饪燃料、厨房抽风设备、被动吸烟等因素 ,污染区儿童因呼吸系统疾病住院、患支气管炎和出现喘息症状的危险性分别是相对清洁区的 1 .6、1 .5和 1 .2倍 ;不感冒咳嗽或不感冒咳痰的发生与室外空气污染水平的关系均不明显 ;家庭烹饪使用不洁燃料、厨房通风不良、被动吸烟使喘息症状的发生机会增加 (尤其是厨房的通风状况不良 )     

室内外空气污染对学龄儿童呼吸系统影响的研究

通过对污染区和对照区 2 0 0 0多名学龄儿童呼吸系统症状、疾病患病率比较 ,并运用非条件 Logistic回归分析方法 ,就室内外空气污染对学龄儿童呼吸系统健康的影响 ,进行了研究。结果显示 ,污染区室内外空气污染较严重 ,大气中TSP、SO2 和 NOx 的浓度均超过国家二级标准 ,其儿童呼吸系统症状、疾病患病率明显高于对照区。对儿童呼吸系统发病有显著影响的环境因素是 :大气污染、被动吸烟、家庭燃煤、冬季取暖和室内油烟污染程度。其中咳嗽与以上五个因素有显著的正相关关系 (P<0 .0 5) ;除被动吸烟外 ,支气管炎与其它四个因素呈显著正相关 (P<0 .0 5) ;咳痰与大气污染、被动吸烟、冬季取暖和室内油烟污染程度 ,气喘和呼吸系统疾病住院率与大气污染和室内油烟污染正相关关系显著 (P<0 .0 5)。哮喘与室内外空气污染无显著的统计学联系