Hydrological Responses to Climate and Land‐Use Changes along the North American East Coast: A 110‐Year Historical Reconstruction

The North American east coast (NAEC) region experienced significant climate and land‐use changes in the past century. To explore how these changes have affected land water cycling, the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM 2.0) was used to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of runoff and river discharge during 1901‐2010 in the study area. Annual runoff over the NAEC was 420 ± 61 mm/yr (average ± standard deviation). Runoff increased in parts of the northern NAEC but decreased in some areas of the southern NAEC. Annual freshwater discharge from the study area was 378 ± 61 km³/yr (average ± standard deviation). Factorial simulation experiments suggested that climate change and variability explained 97.5% of the interannual variability of runoff and also resulted in the opposite changes in runoff in northern and southern regions of the NAEC. Land‐use change reduced runoff by 5‐22 mm/yr from 1931 to 2010, but the impacts were divergent over the Piedmont region and Coastal Plain areas of the southern NAEC. Land‐use change impacts were more significant at local and watershed spatial scales rather than at regional scales. Different responses of runoff to changing climate and land‐use should be noted in future water resource management. Hydrological impacts of afforestation and deforestation as well as urbanization should also be noted by land‐use policy makers.     

论对固体废物与副产品的正确识别

因固体废物污染大气、污染水体、污染土壤、影响环境卫生、传染疾病的危害特点,尤其是危险废物危害更大,而被得到重点监管。准确把握界定固体废物与副产品两者的区别,防止混淆两者,有利于编制环境影响评价报告书、建设项目环境审批、环境管理、以及进行"三同时"验收工作,有利于将有限的环境行政管理资源准确地用于固废的管理,并对促进经济发展有十分重要的意义。     

初探污染场地的土壤修复工作过程与修复技术

"土壤修复"产业,我国目前处于起步阶段,其工作过程和技术路线是迫切需要解决的问题。本文在调研市场需求的基础上,探讨了土壤修复的工作流程、工作内容和修复技术。土壤修复的前期工作是场地土壤环境调查评估,首先从场地土壤环境质量(污染)调查开始,通过土壤样品采集、分析测试、结果分析和环境现状评价,进行场地土壤污染风险识别,包括污染因子、污染程度、修复因子的识别;通过污染风险评价,确定修复目标值、场地修复范围和修复量;通过试验筛选修复技术和修复工艺,确定修复方案和修复工程设计;对修复工程设计进行环境影响评价和环保行政审查;环保审查通过,实施修复工程。样品采集和分析测试、结果分析和评价、修复技术和修复工程成为"土壤修复"产业的工作核心。市场上应用的修复技术路线主要是隔离/封闭技术、稳定/固化技术、淋洗技术。     

冰雪中持久性有机污染物（POPs）的研究现状

冰雪是地球生态系统中重要的环境组分,它们不仅直接影响着全球的水循环,而且也直接影响着一些物质在不同纬度和海拔上的分布。随着气候的变化,在中低纬度使用和排放的POPs能够挥发到大气中,并伴随着大气的运动向高纬度高海拔地区迁移,这对生态环境造成了极大的威胁。本文主要介绍了持久性有机污染物的危害、历史排放数据,并详细阐述了国内外研究人员对冰雪中POPs的研究现状。     

四川省生活污水产污系数研究

产污系数是污染源源强核算、污染物控制和环境保护管理的重要指标,现有的生活污水产污系数不能反映各地区差异,难以满足四川省环境保护工作的需要。本文在对四川省典型城镇生活污水调查和监测的基础上,对各级城镇生活污水产污系数进行了研究,建立了适合四川省生活污水产污系数的测算模式,为四川省生活污水排放量统计提供参考。     

Response of growth, photosynthesis and photoinhibition of the edible cyanobacterium Nostoc sphaeroides colonies to thiobencarb herbicide

Effects of thiobencarb on growth, photosynthesis and photoinhibition of Nostoc sphaeroides colonies were examined. Thiobencarb concentrations higher than 2 mg/l led to a significant decrease in phycoerythrin, phycocyanin and allophycocyanin content, but no significant effect on chlorophyll a (chl a) content. Biomass yield, protein content and photosynthetic rate were reduced only in the highest thiobencarb concentration (10 mg/l). Colonies exposed to high thiobencarb dose (10 mg/l) were more sensitive to high light than those exposed to the control and 4 mg/l thiobencarb. Dim light induced recovery from photoinhibition to more great extent in colonies grown in the control and 4 mg/l thiobencarb than 10 mg/l thiobencarb. Darkness resulted in a insignificant recovery regardless of thiobencarb treatments.     

Modeling faults among e-bike-related fatal crashes in China

Objectives: This article aims to model fault in e-bike fatal crashes in a county-level city in China.

Method: Three-year crash data are retrieved from the crash reports (2012–2014) from the Taixing Police Department. A mixed logit model is introduced to explore significant factors associated with fault assignment, as well as accounting for similarity among fault assignment and heterogeneity within unobserved variables.

Results: The modeling results indicate some interesting new findings. First, precrash behaviors of both drivers and e-bike riders are found to be significant to fault assignment. Second, bike lane and median type are significantly associated with e-bike rider fault commitment. Third, specific groups of e-bike riders (low-educated and older) and drivers (heavy good vehicles) are more likely to be at fault in e-bike crashes. Last, crash location and the built environment have significant correlations with faulty behaviors of e-bike riders.

Conclusions: Safety countermeasures are proposed including (1) the deployment of traffic design and control elements including physically separated bike lanes, medians, video surveillance systems for e-bike riders, and left-turning treatments for nonmotorists (e.g., a 2-step e-bike left turning); (2) the amendment of the current traffic regulations on drunk e-bike riders and child e-bike passengers; (3) the development of a license system for specific e-bike rider groups (older and low-educated) and a safety campaign for drivers (to increase safety awareness when parking on-street or driving heavy good vehicles). Some interesting future research topics are also suggested: e-bike riders' behaviors at unsignalized intersections and mid-block openings, e-bike safety in suburban areas, and an in-depth study of the effect of the built environment on e-bike safety.     

污水厂中微塑料的污染及迁移特征研究进展

合成聚合物的广泛使用和持久性污染使得微塑料（<5mm）成为近年来受到广泛关注的一种新型污染物,污水的大量排放是淡水和海洋环境微塑料的主要来源之一,而污水处理厂也成为微塑料进入淡水与海洋环境的一个重要途径.通过系统调研,追溯污水处理厂中微塑料的来源,综述污水处理厂中微塑料的迁移和污染特征的研究进展,分析国内外污水处理厂中微塑料的特征和去除效果的差异性,为开展国内污水处理厂中微塑料污染研究与监督工作提供参考,并展望未来污水处理厂工艺的发展及改进方向.     

中国沿海11省市海洋产业结构与海域承载力脉冲响应分析

运用中国沿海11省市1996~2014年的海洋产业结构和海域承载力的相关数据,基于VAR（vector autoregression）模型,综合运用ADF（augmented dickey fuller）检验、协整检验、脉冲响应和方差分解,研究其海洋产业结构与海域承载力综合水平之间的相互关系。结果显示:三大区域的海洋产业结构与海域承载力间互为因果关系。通过分析三者的脉冲响应图可见,海洋产业结构对海域承载力存在正负向影响程度不同且存在明显差异。最后通过方差分析分析两者之间影响波动的情况。