好氧生物阴极型微生物燃料电池的同时硝化和产电的研究

在两室型微生物燃料电池的阴极室接种硝化菌实现了同时硝化和产电.硝化过程和产电过程在同一区域实现,不仅能够充分利用曝气的溶解氧,节省曝气能源消耗,而且硝化过程产生的额外的质子,有效地避免了产电过程所造成的阴极pH值升高.运行稳定期间MFC的最大电流和最大功率密度分别为47mA和45.50W/m3,当进水氨氮浓度为153.4mg/L时,硝化速率为5.98mg/(L·d).硝化菌会与产电菌竞争溶解氧,但当溶解氧浓度控制在3.5～5.0mg/L时,硝化过程未对产电产生明显影响.无缓冲溶液的条件下,加入氨氮时的阴极电势比未加入氨氮时的阴极电势高124mV,且阴极电势变化的阶段与氨氮降解的过程是一一对应的.H+离子的理论计算表明,硝化过程产生的H+离子(8.14×10-3mol)与产电过程消耗H+离子(8.54×10-3mol)数量相当,证实了硝化作用中产生的H+离子能够补偿阴极室由于产电造成的H+离子的消耗,维持系统pH值的稳定.     

有机污染物应急监测的样品前处理技术

样品前处理是有机污染物应急监测中的重要环节。介绍了热分离进样杆、分散液液微萃取、搅拌棒吸附萃取、固相微萃取等适合于有机污染物应急监测的样品前处理技术,并概述了它们在环境分析领域的应用进展。如何将这些前处理技术与自身拥有的应急监测设备有效结合是环境监测技术人员亟待解决的问题。     

鸭子河湿地的生态健康评价与恢复研究

从湿地现状、服务功能和外环境影响3方面构建了城镇区域内湿地生态健康评价指标体系,采用层次分析法（AHP）和模糊综合评价法,对广汉鸭子河湿地这一城镇区域内河滩型湿地生态系统健康状况进行评价。结果表明,在广汉市城市化进程中,该湿地的生态系统受到了一定程度的影响,就总体而言,湿地生态系统结构完整,基本功能依然具备,但栖息地功能有一定的退化,在整体上属于亚健康状态。根据评价结果及退化成因分析,提出了相应的恢复措施,对广汉市城市化进程中鸭子河湿地的保护提供了重要的决策依据,对同类型的湿地保护具有指导意义和借鉴价值。     

Comparison of Morphodynamic Models for the Lower Yellow River1

Xia, Junqiang, Zhengbing Wang, Yanping Wang, and Xin Yu, 2012. Comparison of Morphodynamic Models for the Lower Yellow River. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐18. DOI: 10.1111/jawr.12002 Abstract: Significant channel adjustments often occur during flood seasons in the Lower Yellow River (LYR), and it is a challenging work to accurately simulate the morphodynamic processes in the LYR using numerical models. A comparison of two morphodynamic models (Delft3D and 2DLLCDM) for the LYR is presented herein to identify critical improvements for these models. The concepts of these models are first compared with each other. The models were then used to simulate the processes of flood routing, sediment transport, and morphological changes occurring in a braided reach of the LYR. The differences were investigated between the simulated results from these models and corresponding field measurements, and the results indicate that: (1) the hydrodynamic processes calculated by both models agree closely with the measurements if an appropriate Manning’s roughness coefficient is used; (2) the concentrations of suspended load at the downstream boundary calculated by the models agree reasonably with the observed data; and (3) the predicted cross‐sectional profiles obtained from these models do not correspond well with the measurements. Based on these findings, the weak aspects of the models are clarified, and three critical improvements are recommended, including: (1) the development of roughness predictor; (2) the refinement of graded sediment transport capacity formulation; and (3) the consideration of bank erosion module. These improvements need to be implemented in the future.     

低温等离子体协同分子筛净化甲苯的性能研究

本文开展了介质阻挡放电等离子体协同分子筛材料在常温常压下氧化甲苯的研究.结果表明,该系统对甲苯的去除效率与应用电压、分子筛种类有关.甲苯转化率随峰值电压的提高而提高,最高去除率可以达到48.1％.分子筛单位吸附量与该系统对甲苯转化率有关,吸附量越大的分子筛,甲苯转化率越高.     

Adsorption and partition of benzo(a)pyrene on sediments with different particle sizes from the Yellow River

Experiments have been carried out to study the sorption of Benzo(a)pyrene(Bap) on sediment particles from the Yellow River using a batch equilibration technique. Effects of particle size on the adsorption and partition of Bap were investigated with the particle content of 3 g/L. Several significant results were obtained from the study. (1) Isotherms of Bap could be fitted with the dual adsorption-partition model under different particle sizes, and the measured value of the adsorption and partition was in agreement with the theoretical value of the dual adsorption-partition model. (2) When the particle diameter was d ⩾ 0.025 mm, the adsorption was predominant in the sorption of Bap, which accounted for 68.7%–82.4% of the sorption. For the particles with the size of 0.007 mm⩽d<0.025 mm, the adsorption was predominant when the equilibrium concentration of Bap was 0–8.87 μg/L in the water phase; and the partition was predominant when the equilibrium concentration of Bap was higher than 8.87 μg/L in the water phase. When the particle diameter was d<0.007 mm, the partition was predominant. (3) On the point of particle size, the contribution of adsorption to sorption followed the order: “d⩾0.025 mm”>“0.007 mm ⩽d<0.025 mm” >“d<0.007 mm”. (4) The partition coefficients of Bap in solids with different particle sizes were linearly correlated with the organic content, and the K _oc of Bap was about 1.26 × 10⁵ (L/kg). Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26(2): 269–274 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

壳聚糖-粉煤灰蒸压砖粉末-化感物质复合除藻剂对铜绿微囊藻去除效能的研究

利用建筑垃圾粉煤灰蒸压砖粉末与壳聚糖、化感物质(N-苯基-1-萘胺和N-苯基-2-萘胺)混合制备复合除藻剂用于去除铜绿微囊藻,考察各种物质的最佳投加量对藻细胞去除率的影响。试验结果表明:在最优条件下,复合除藻剂对铜绿微囊藻的去除率达99%以上。该复合除藻剂对景观水的治理具有指导意义。     

乌石化炼油厂污泥处理技术现状

介绍了国内外有关含油污泥的处理技术、以及乌石化炼油厂的三泥处理技术进展。     

烟气循环流化床——悬浮吸收脱硫工艺

详述了烟气循环流化床悬浮吸收工艺脱硫原理、工艺流程、系统组成及各系统作用,为类似老电厂烟气脱硫工程改造和环境管理提供有益经验.