Photocatalytic degradation of dye effluent by titanium dioxide pillar pellets in aqueous solution

Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) process is an effective way to deal with organic pollutants in wastewater which could be difficult to be degraded by conventional biological treatment methods. Normally the TiO2 powder in nanometre size range was directly used as photocatalyst for dye degradation in wastewater. However the titanium dioxide powder was arduous to be recovered from the solution after treatment. In this application, a new form of TiO2(i. e. pillar pellets ranging from 2.5 to 5.3 mm long and with a diameter of 3.7 mm) was used and investigated for photocatalytic degradation of textile dye effluent. A test system was built with a flat plate reactor(FPR) and UV light source(blacklight and solar simulator as light source respectively) for investigating the effectiveness of the new form of TiO2. It was found that the photocatalytic process under this configuration could efficiently remove colours from textile dyeing effluent. Comparing with the TiO2 powder, the pellet was very easy to recovered from the treated solution and can be reused in multiple times without the significant change on the photocatalytic property. The results also showed that to achieve the same photocatalytic performance, the FPR area by pellets was about 91% smaller than required by TiO2 powder. At least TiO2 pellet could be used as an alternative form of photocatalyst in applications for textile effluent treatment process, also other wastewater treatment processes.     

东昆仑五龙沟金矿床Ⅲ矿段原生晕特征及模式

五龙沟金矿床Ⅲ矿段呈现以Au、As、Ag为主 ,伴有Pb、Zn、Cu、Bi、Sb等多元素的综合原生晕 ,其中Au、Ag、As为典型矿致异常元素组合 ,其次为Hg、Sb、Bi;Ag、As、Sb等元素为远程指示元素 ,也为矿体前缘晕和上部特征元素 ;Hg、Bi、Pb为矿体上部和中上部原生晕特征元素组合 ,也为中远程指示元素 ;Cu、Zn为矿体中部和中下部原生晕特征指示元素 ;Au在整个原生晕中均是特征直接指示元素 ;原生晕轴向分带序列为As-Sb-Ag-Bi-Pb-Hg-Au-Zn -Cu,横向分带序列为 ,矿体上部原生晕 :Au -Zn -Ag -Bi-As-Hg -Cu-Sb -Pb ;中下部原生晕 :Zn -Cu-Au -Ag -Hg-As-Pb -Sb -Bi。矿致原生晕特征为Au原生晕发育 ,平均强度大于 1 60× 1 9-9;原生晕组合复杂 ,Au、Ag、As、Sb、Hg、Bi、Zn原生晕连续性好 ,范围大于构造带 ,有内中外或外中浓度带 ,各指示元素原生晕吻合性好 ;一般在矿体 (带 )受中度剥蚀深度 (或矿体已露出 )断面上 ,Au -Ag和Au -As具正相关表现 ,相关性较好。这些特点或指标 ,可作为以蚀变岩型为主要类型金矿床的地球化学信息标志     

O3/UV降解喹啉过程中不同氧化剂的相对重要性

研究O₃/UV降解自配喹啉水溶液时水体中存在的不同氧化剂对喹啉降解的相对重要性的结果表明,O₃和·OH是喹啉降解过程的主要氧化剂.通过靛蓝二磺酸钠法和·OH探针化合物(对氯苯甲酸)法分别测定了水体中的O₃浓度和·OH浓度,定量地计算了O₃和·OH在降解喹啉时的相对重要性,得到喹啉与·OH的二级反应速率常数为6.65×10⁹mol·(L·s)^-1.在本试验条件下,由·OH引起的喹啉去除率占总去除率的88%,而由O₃引起的喹啉去除率占总去除率的12%.提高水体中·OH的浓度有利于提高喹啉的总降解速率.     

Predicting heavy metals’ adsorption edges and adsorption isotherms on MnO2 with the parameters determined from Langmuir kinetics

Although surface complexation models have been widely used to describe the adsorption of heavy metals, few studies have verified the feasibility of modeling the adsorption kinetics,edge, and isotherm data with one p H-independent parameter. A close inspection of the derivation process of Langmuir isotherm revealed that the equilibrium constant derived from the Langmuir kinetic model, K S-kinetic, is theoretically equivalent to the adsorption constant in Langmuir isotherm, K S-Langmuir. The modified Langmuir kinetic model(MLK model) and modified Langmuir isotherm model(MLI model) incorporating p H factor were developed. The MLK model was employed to simulate the adsorption kinetics of Cu(II), Co(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) on Mn O2 at p H 3.2 or 3.3 to get the values of K S-kinetic. The adsorption edges of heavy metals could be modeled with the modified metal partitioning model(MMP model), and the values of K S-Langmuir were obtained. The values of K S-kinetic and K S-Langmuir are very close to each other, validating that the constants obtained by these two methods are basically the same. The MMP model with K S-kinetic constants could predict the adsorption edges of heavy metals on Mn O2 very well at different adsorbent/adsorbate concentrations. Moreover, the adsorption isotherms of heavy metals on Mn O2 at various p H levels could be predicted reasonably well by the MLI model with the K S-kinetic constants.     

基于模糊综合评判模型的污水管道缺陷定量化评价方法

利用模糊综合评判模型,从污水管道的密封性、稳定性和功能性三方面分别考虑不同缺陷类型的影响,利用层次分析法确定权重,建立定量化的污水管道缺陷状况评价方法模型.对南方某市一段污水管道进行评判,得到污水管道缺陷综合评价指数H=1.09,其中密封性指数Ht=0.44,稳定性指数Hs=0.78,功能性指数Hf=1.79,判定结果...     

覆盖处理对猪粪秸秆堆肥中氮素转化和堆肥质量的影响

为了探讨覆盖措施对堆肥化中氮素转化与堆肥质量的影响,在自制的强制通风静态堆肥箱中,模拟研究了覆盖腐熟堆肥后,下层猪粪秸秆堆肥及覆盖层中氮素形态和其他腐熟度指标的变化.结果表明:覆盖处理降低了下层堆肥中的含水率、种子发芽指数(GI值)、升温期和高温期的pH值,增大了降温期后的堆肥电导率EC值,而对堆温影响不大.覆盖处理未改变堆制初期下层堆肥中氨气的释放总量,只延缓了氨气的释放时间,但明显增加了降温期后堆肥中硝态氮和有机氮的含量.在堆制期间,覆盖处理的下层堆肥中硝态氮、有机氮、总氮和总磷含量的增幅分别比对照高66.7％、33.8％、32.7％和138.6％;而有机碳降解率、铵态氮和腐殖质含量的降幅则分别比对照低1.1％、8.0％和3.7％.覆盖层中pH值、铵态氮和硝态氮含量的变化说明腐熟堆肥能够吸收下层堆肥释放的氨气并进行硝化作用;覆盖层的腐熟堆肥总体上进行了矿化作用,从而影响了下层堆肥的氮素转化过程及质量.     

土壤重金属污染的酶学诊断——紫色土中的镉、铜、铅、砷对水稻根系过氧化物酶的影响

通过四川酸性紫色土、中性紫色土,石灰性紫色土中不同浓度的Cd、Cu、Pb、As对水稻根系过氧化物酶的影响研究,揭示了过氧化物酶受抑制与产生抗性的过程.在低浓度时,上述元素对过氧化物酶的影响能反映土壤类型影响的差别.确定了三种紫色土中Cd、Cu、Pb、As的临界浓度.     

油松排放萜烯类化合物浓度的日变化及排放速率的研究

 采用封闭式采样和气相色谱法分析监测了北京主要树种油松排放的萜烯类化合物，其中包括α和β蒎烯、蒈烯、松油烯、柠檬烯和罗勒烯，以及少量异戊二烯。松油烯、B蒎烯、柠檬烯和蒈烯的排放量之和占油松排放碳氢总量的94％以上。萜烯和异戌二烯排放速率随日照和温度的升高而增加。萜烯等浓度的日变化表明在正午和午夜油松有两个排放高峰。在日均气温为18℃时油松的碳氢化合物平均总排放速率约为8.7μh/h.g。     

国外新型药剂应用于滇池藻类污染治理的研究

滇池水藻类含量很高,现已属重富营养化水体。本实验选用国外一种新型除藻剂一去藻247来研究治理滇池水藻类污染,通过投加三个不同浓度的除藻剂,检测得出叶绿素α和总磷都有较好的去除效果,Cu^2＋的残留浓度也没有超标,其中当叶绿素的含量为1000mg/L时,除藻剂的最佳投加量为10mg／L。并用线性回归方程对滇池水体中叶绿素α和总磷的相关性进行了拟合。     

新型生物质活性炭烟气脱硫研究

以农业废弃物核桃壳为原料,天然软锰矿为添加剂共混制备得到的新型生物质柱状活性炭进行烟气脱硫的性能研究.采用固定床反应器进行脱硫实验,装填活性炭质量为16 g,考察了进口SO2含量、空速、床层温度、水蒸气和氧气含量等工艺参数对活性炭脱硫性能的影响.结果表明,进口SO2含量在0.1%～0.3%(体积含量)范围内时,活性炭的穿透硫容和穿透时间随着进口SO2含量的升高而降低;空速越大,活性炭越容易穿透,较佳的空速为600 h-1;最适的床层温度为80℃,过高会降低脱硫效率;水蒸气和氧气的存在大大促进了活性炭对SO2的吸附性能,最佳水蒸气含量为10%,最佳氧气含量为10%～13%.在最佳工艺操作条件下,当进口SO2含量为0.2%时,活性炭穿透硫容为252 mg.g-1,穿透时间可达26 h.