Suppression of precipitation by dust particles originated in the Tibetan Plateau

Dust aerosols play an important role in modulating the hydrologic cycle. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is little polluted by human activities as an ideal site to study the effect of dust aerosol on precipitation. In this study, observational data of dust storms and precipitation in the TP and its vicinities as well as CALIPSO satellite data were used to analyze the distributions and vertical structure of dust storms on the plateau. The results showed that dust storms occur with high frequency and raise dust particles into the troposphere from ground level to a height of 5–9 km to modulate the hydrologic cycle in the TP. There are significant negative correlations between dust aerosol and precipitation in the dust source regions during the period of both 40 and 200 years. It is found that the role of precipitation in suppressing dust storms could be unimportant, while dust aerosol may play an important role in suppressing precipitation in the hinterland of the TP. Our study provides a potential approach to better understand the climate changes in the TP.     

生物膜填料塔净化模拟烟气和电厂烟气中SO2和NOx的对比实验

对生物膜填料塔对模拟烟气和电厂烟气的净化效果进行了实验研究。实验对比分析了在相同的实验条件下生物膜填料塔对不同烟气中SO2和NOx的净化效率。实验结果表明,在循环液温度在24～35℃、空床停留时间（EBRT）为60s、喷淋量为8～10L／h、脱硫塔的pH为0．8～1．5、脱氮塔的pH为7．5～8．0的条件下,生物膜填料塔对模拟烟气和电厂烟气中SO2的净化效率都很高,但模拟烟气条件下的总脱氮率的平均值为80％,而在电厂烟气条件下只有35％。经分析认为,脱氮率产生差异的主要原因是电厂烟气中杂质的影响,以及烟气中氧气含量的不同,同时因为生长条件不同从而驯化出的微生物群体组成也不同。     

Effects of Cu（Ⅱ） and humic acid on atrazine photodegradation

This work was designed to explore the characteristics of photodegradation of herbicides in the copper-polluted water body. The results showed that Cu(II) alone could induce a photo Fenton-like reaction to enhance the degradation of atrazine, in which hydroxyl radical ( OH) was a main active species. Humic acids restrained atrazine degradation, nevertheless, when introducing Cu(II), the photodegradation was accelerated, in which singlet oxygen (1O2) replaced OH acting as the prevailing species. A feasible mechanism for the photochemical process was also proposed, which is helpful for better understanding the environmental photochemistry of atrazine in the copper-polluted water.     

Visual MODFLOW在露天矿地下水模拟中的应用

用Visual MODFLOW建立了某露天矿地下水数值模型,运用其跟踪模拟(MODPATH)子模块及溶质运移模拟(MT3D)子模块对该露天矿地下水的水质点示踪和三维污染羽进行了模拟,模拟结果有助于识别该矿露天开采对地下水污染的污染源及污染途径,为预测露天矿开采期间地下水位及水质的变化,采用的监测与预保护措施提供了决策依据。     

双道HG-AFS同时测定鲤鱼肝脏中痕量Hg和As

应用氢化物原子荧光法,测定鲤鱼肝脏中痕量Hg和As,该法具有原子吸收和原子发射光谱两种技术优势,同时它具有分析灵敏度高,干扰少,线性范围宽,可多元素同时测定等优点;在KBH4-酸还原体系中同时测定鱼肝中Hg和As,方法检出限分别为Hg:0.33ng/ml和As0.36ng/ml,线性范围分别为:0.1-2.0ng/ml和1.0-20.0ng/ml。加标回收率分别为Hg:96.0%和As:100.6%。分析结果可靠,方法令人满意,并适合大批量样品的分析。     

杭州湾北岸36种挥发性有机物污染特征及来源解析

为研究杭州湾北岸VOCs (挥发性有机物)的浓度水平、组成特征、反应活性和潜在来源,采用GC-FID在线监测系统对杭州湾北岸环境大气中的36种VOCs开展了为期1 a (2017年12月—2018年11月)的连续观测,采用L^OH(VOCs的·OH消耗速率)和OFP (O₃生成潜势)2种方法估算了大气VOCs的反应活性,并利用PMF (正定矩阵因子分解)和CPF (条件概率函数)模型分析其来源.结果表明:①φ(VOCs)小时平均值在冬季(26.47×10^-9)最高,夏季(9.76×10^-9)最低;全年φ(VOCs)小时平均值为21.24×10^-9,其中烷烃、烯烃+炔烃、芳香烃、卤代烃的贡献率分别为33.24%、34.13%、15.63%、17.00%;φ(烷烃)、φ(芳香烃)和φ(卤代烃)呈较明显的昼夜变化特征,φ(烯烃)和φ(炔烃)无明显昼夜变化趋势.②大气VOCs的总L^OH和OFP分别为9.39s^-1和220.57μg/m^...     

联合改良剂对桉树吸收重金属的作用——以矿区土壤中Cd、Zn和Cu为例

通过5种矿区土壤的盆栽试验,研究了联合改良剂对桉树部分生理指标、根中Cd、Zn和Cu的含量、以及土壤中Cd、Zn和Cu的BCR提取形态的影响,探讨了其对矿区土壤还林的作用.结果表明,与对照相比,施用改良剂后桉树的生物量和叶绿素含量的增幅分别为-7.6%～158.8%和-0.7%～23.1%,丙二醛含量的降幅为2.6%～37.9%,其中部分处理的生物量和丙二醛含量的变化达到显著水平(P<0.05);土壤中有效态Cd、Zn和Cu的含量分别下降12.5%～63.8%、1.6%～54.7%和16.2%～57.6%,桉树根中Cd、Zn和Cu的含量分别下降3.1%～56.6%、-1.5%～21.3%和9.3%～50.1%.土壤对桉树根中Cd、Zn和Cu的含量有显著影响(P<0.05),改良剂的配比或施用量无显著影响(P>0.05),但在5种矿区土壤中G3降低桉树根中Cu含量的效果优于G1和G2;在重金属含量最高的2种土壤中,G1降低桉树根中Cd和Zn含量的效果优于G2和G3.研究表明施用联合改良剂能降低桉树对重金属的吸收,有利于矿区土壤的还林.