层次分析-熵值定权法在城市水环境承载力评价中的应用

从广义水环境承载力定义出发,建立水环境承载力评价指标体系;采用层次分析－熵值定权法和向量模法对武汉市水环境承载力进行评价,该定权方法采用层次分析法确定权重,同时又引入熵值法对权重进行修正,在一定程度上减少了主观影响。该方法使评价指标的赋权达到主观与客观统一,对水环境承载力的量化更加准确与合理。该方法构造简单,便于实现计算机编程,所以应用较为简单、方便。以武汉市为例,综合考虑资源环境以及社会经济发展,建立了一套指标体系,利用向量模法对指标进行量化,结果表明武汉市2006~2010年水环境承载力逐年增大,由0129 3增长到02411,表明近些年武汉市水资源、环境与社会经济的发展协调性较好。从3个准则层中可以看出,资源与环境对武汉市水环境承载力的影响较大;社会子系统承载力评价值逐年上升,且上升趋势较快;随着经济的加速发展,经济子系统承载力评价值呈逐年下降态势     

基于MODIS数据的安徽区域日蒸散量估算与分析

蒸散的估算在区域能量平衡和水资源研究中具有重要意义,遥感技术发展促进了区域蒸散的研究。利用安徽省气象资料、MODIS数据产品及GIS背景信息,基于SEBAL模型,按1 km空间分辨率进行了面尺度的安徽省日蒸散量估算,并在GIS空间分析模块的支持下对不同土地覆盖类型的日蒸散量进行统计分析。结果表明：遥感估算的蒸散量与利用Penman Monteith公式计算的蒸散量比较,两者之间具有较好的相关性,遥感蒸散估算值整体偏小,不同土地利用类型的日蒸散量间差异显著。遥感蒸散估算方法在安徽省具有一定的实用性,需优化模型参数,以提高其进一步技术推广的前景     

棉花耐涝相关种质资源遗传多样性分析

为了解棉花耐涝相关种质资源的遗传多样性,选用均匀分布于棉花全基因组的145对引物,从中筛选出44对SSR引物对48份涝相关种质资源进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,44对SSR引物在48份材料中共检测出170个等位基因变异,平均每个位点有386个。其中耐涝材料的位点多态信息含量(PIC)、每个位点的有效等位基因数(Ne)、基因型多样性(H′)分别为0632、1710 4和0393 7,涝敏感材料的PIC、Ne、H′分别为0628、1721 6和0399 4。耐涝材料和涝敏感材料的Jaccard相似性系数分别在0462~0925和0398~0845之间,遗传相似性系数总体平均值接近,但耐涝材料的变化幅度更大。用类平均法(UPGMA)聚类将48份材料分成2个类群。其中,第Ⅰ类包含39个品种,第Ⅱ类包含9个品种。大多数材料之间的遗传相似性系数较高,表明陆地棉耐涝相关种质资源遗传基础狭窄。本结果可为棉花耐涝育种亲本选配和相关机理研究提供基础资料     

Preparation of in-situ nitrogen-doped lignin-based porous carbon and its efficient adsorption of chloramphenicol in water

Porous carbon is an excellent absorbent for pollutants in water. Here, we report a breakthrough in performance of porous carbon based on lignin prepared using sodium lignosulfonate (SLS), potassium carbonate and melamine as precursor, activator and nitrogen source, respectively. A series of characterization tests confirmed that in-situ nitrogen doping greatly enhanced porous structure, resulting in a specific surface area of 2567.9 m² g^?1 and total pore volume of 1.499 cm³ g^?1, which is nearly twice that of non-nitrogen-doped porous carbon. Moreover, adsorption experiments revealed that at 303 K, the saturated adsorption capacity of chloramphenicol was as high as 713.7 mg g^?1, corresponding to an improvement of 33.7%. Further, the prepared porous carbon exhibited a strong anti-interference against metal ions and humic acid. The adsorption process was confirmed to be an endothermic reaction dominated by physical adsorption, indicating that an increase in temperature is conducive to adsorption. The results of this study show that nitrogen-doped lignin-based porous carbon prepared by in-situ doping is a promising material to significantly alleviate water pollution owing to its low cost, excellent pore structure and good adsorption properties.

     

气泡尺寸对清洗固体表面油脂及颗粒污染物的影响

为明确气泡清洗技术在罐底油泥清洗中的应用情况,考察了气泡尺寸差异对固体表面清洗效果的影响。搭建了玻璃表面油污气泡清洗可视化实验装置,并设计了气泡发生器。该发生器可通过调节气液比产生多种尺寸分布的气泡。实验中产生的气泡直径分布于80~1 200 μm。研究了气泡尺寸、清洗时间、距离和角度等参数对清洗效果的影响,结果表明,在液体流量为2.5 L·min⁻¹条件下,清洗去除率随气泡尺寸的增大而提高,气泡的平均直径为800 μm时的清洗效果最好,能够将去除率从用水清洗的4.5%提高到68.3%,且当基底与水流方向为45°时的清洗去除率高于垂直或平行放置。上述结果说明,气泡撞击和破裂产生的水射流和涡流冲刷作用是主要的清洗机制。本研究结果可为高效处理油泥污染问题提供理论和实践参考,为罐底油泥清洗开拓新的解决路径。     

Manganese-modified biochar for highly efficient sorption of cadmium

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, corn stalk was modified by manganese (Mn) before (MBC1) and after (MBC2) pyrolysis at different temperatures (400~600 °C)...     

曝气-絮凝处理垃圾渗滤液研究

通过现场处理 ,对垃圾渗滤液的曝气 -絮凝处理进行了研究。结果表明该方法对渗滤液的色度、COD、总磷去除率达 80 %以上 ,对氨氮去除率达 60 %以上。在此基础上提出了最优综合控制指标     

异喹啉季铵盐在盐酸中对A3钢的吸附及其缓蚀作用

采用失重、电化学法研究了异喹啉季铵盐在 1mol/L盐酸溶液中对A3钢的缓蚀行为及吸附规律。实验表明 ,异喹啉季铵盐是一种阴、阳极混合型缓蚀剂 ,其缓蚀性能优良 ,在A3钢表面产生化学吸附 ,吸附过程为放热反应。     

Groundwater geochemical signatures and implication for sustainable development in a typical endorheic watershed on Tibetan plateau

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Groundwater resource is significantly important for sustainable development of the world, especially for arid endorheic watersheds. A total of 28...     

Is it an opportunity? COVID-19’s effect on the green supply chains,and perceived service’s quality (SERVQUAL): the moderate effect of big data analytics in the healthcare sector

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study examines the relationship between uncertainty-fear toward COVID-19, green supply chain management (GSCM), and perceived service quality...