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951.
固定化活性污泥实现短程硝化反硝化处理畜禽废水 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
以畜禽废水为处理对象,通过分别控制水力停留时间(HRT)、溶解氧(DO)、pH值、温度和碳氮比(C/N)等影响亚硝化的主要单因子,以使固定化活性污泥颗粒实现短程硝化反硝化反应,在连续流运行模式下进行废水脱氮实验,实验结果表明,单因子HRT为10 h,溶解氧为4 mg/L,pH值为8.5,温度为30℃,碳氮比为10时,对TN和COD的去除率分别为81.98%、93.79%;87.32%、98.35%;83.82%、93.93%;85%、97%;85.37%、97.28%,达到了理想的去除效果。 相似文献
952.
醌介体催化强化酸性红B生物脱色 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
考察了5种结构相似的醌介体(AQS、2,7-AQDS、AQDS、1,5-AQDS和α-AQS)对酸性红B生物脱色的催化强化作用。结果表明,反应进行至5 h,在0~0.24 mmol/L AQS的浓度范围内,最高脱色率达89%(0.24 mmol/L),相对于空白组(28%)提高约3.2倍,且零级反应速率常数K与介体浓度呈正相关线性关系,K=56.571CAQS+22.616(R2=0.9012);最适实验条件为AQS浓度0.24 mmol/L,0.25%NaCl,温度35℃,pH 7;在此实验条件下,5种醌介体相对于空白组脱色效率分别提高了1.14~1.53倍,体系氧化还原电位降低了38~87 mV。本研究为解决偶氮染料生物脱色技术存在的降解速率低的问题提供了新的思路。 相似文献
953.
在温室盆栽条件下,通过单独种植紫茉莉、单独接种多环芳烃(PAHs)模式化合物芘的专性降解菌ZQ5和两者的联合修复的3种处理,对芘污染土壤的修复效果进行了研究。结果表明,经90 d修复后,植物-微生物联合修复可将人工污染土壤中的芘降解81.1%,将石油污染土壤中的芘降解50.3%,其修复效率明显高于其他2种处理,是紫茉莉修复的1.98倍,是降解菌ZQ5修复的1.39倍。ZQ5的不同接菌量对于修复60 d后的降解率影响不大。外源生物修复条件下,10~20 cm土壤的修复效率要高于5 cm土壤;自然降解条件下,5 cm土层降解率略高于其他土层。 相似文献
954.
通过盆栽实验研究不同纳米修复剂(羟基磷灰石HAP、赤泥RM、Fe3O4、胡敏酸-Fe3O4)对2种不同污染土壤Cd吸收、转运的影响。结果表明,上述纳米修复剂均可显著增加胡萝卜植株生物量,显著提高植株Cd胁迫的耐受指数;不同土壤施用不同纳米修复剂均显著降低胡萝卜植株Cd的含量,并且随着修复剂施加浓度的增加而显著降低;与对照相比,植株茎叶Cd含量最大降低达78.8%,根中Cd的含量最大降低67.8%;添加不同修复剂能不同程度地降低了土壤中Cd的转运系数和富集系数,这可能与施用不同纳米修复剂促进了土壤中非残留态Cd向残留态Cd的转化有关,总体而言,不同纳米型修复剂对降低Cd的有效性顺序为:RM~HAP>胡敏酸-Fe3O4>Fe3O4。 相似文献
955.
956.
Yingnan Jiang Ming Hua Bian Wu Hongrui Ma Bingcai Pan Quanxing Zhang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(10):6729-6735
Effective arsenic removal from highly laden industrial wastewater is an important but challenging task. Here, a combined coprecipitation/nano-adsorption process, with ferric chloride and calcium chloride as coprecipitation agents and polymer-based nanocomposite as selective adsorbent, has been validated for arsenic removal from tungsten-smelting wastewater. On the basis of operating optimization, a binary FeCl3 (520 mg/L)–CaCl2 (300 mg/L) coprecipitation agent could remove more than 93 % arsenic from the wastewater. The resulting precipitate has proved environmental safety based on leaching toxicity test. Fixed-bed column packed with zirconium or ferric-oxide-loaded nanocomposite was employed for further elimination of arsenic in coprecipitated effluent, resulting in a significant decrease of arsenic (from 0.96 to less than 0.5 mg/L). The working capacity of zirconium-loaded nanocomposite was 220 bed volumes per run, much higher than that of ferric-loaded nanocomposite (40 bed volumes per run). The exhausted zirconium-loaded nanocomposite could be efficiently in situ regenerated with a binary NaOH–NaCl solution for reuse without any significant capacity loss. The results validated the combinational coprecipitation/nano-adsorption process to be a potential alternative for effective arsenic removal from highly laden industrial effluent. 相似文献
957.
Zulin Hua Wenqiang Ma Xue Bai Ranran Feng Lu Yu Xiaoyuan Zhang Zhangyan Dai 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(12):7737-7745
A new method for the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous solution was developed. The oxidative degradation characteristics of BPA in a heterogeneous Fenton reaction catalyzed by Fe3O4/graphite oxide (GO) were studied. Transmission electron microscopic images showed that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles were evenly distributed and were ~6 nm in diameter. Experimental results suggested that BPA conversion was affected by several factors, such as the loading amount of Fe3O4/GO, pH, and initial H2O2 concentration. In the system with 1.0 g L?1 of Fe3O4/GO and 20 mmol L?1 of H2O2, almost 90 % of BPA (20 mg L?1) was degraded within 6 h at pH 6.0. Based on the degradation products identified by GC–MS, the degradation pathways of BPA were proposed. In addition, the reused catalyst Fe3O4/GO still retained its catalytic activity after three cycles, indicating that Fe3O4/GO had good stability and reusability. These results demonstrated that the heterogeneous Fenton reaction catalyzed by Fe3O4/GO is a promising advanced oxidation technology for the treatment of wastewater containing BPA. 相似文献
958.
Xiao-Song He Bei-Dou Xi Dan Li Xu-Jing Guo Dong-Yu Cui Hong-Wei Pan Yan Ma 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(12):7522-7529
Compost leachates were collected to investigate the influence of the composition and removal of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), humic-like substances (HSs), and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) on heavy metal distribution during the leachate treatment process. The results showed that acetic and propionic acids accounted for 81.3 to 93.84 % of VFAs, and that these acids were removed by the anaerobic-aerobic process. Humic- and fulvic-like substances were detected by excitation–emission matrix spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis, and their content significantly decreased after the anaerobic and membrane treatments. DON in compost leachates ranged from 26.53 mg L-1 to 919.46 mg L-1, comprised of dissolved free amino acids and the protein-like matter bound to humic- and fulvic-like substances, and was removed by the aerobic process. Correlation analysis showed that Mn, Ni, and Pb were bound to VFAs and protein-, fulvic-, and humic-like substances in the leachates. Co was primarily bound to fulvic- and humic-like matter and inorganic sulfurs, whereas Cu, Zn, and Cd interacted with inorganic sulfur. 相似文献
959.
Source,distribution, and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban street dust from Tianjin,China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Binbin Yu Xiujie Xie Lena Q. Ma Haidong Kan Qixing Zhou 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(4):2817-2825
To better assess and understand potential health risk of urban residents exposed to urban street dust, the total concentration, sources, and distribution of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 87 urban street dust samples from Tianjin as a Chinese megacity that has undergone rapid urbanization were investigated. In the meantime, potential sources of PAHs were identified using the principal component analysis (PCA), and the risk of residents’ exposure to PAHs via urban street dust was calculated using the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) model. The results showed that the total PAHs (∑PAHs) in urban street dust from Tianjin ranged from 538 μg kg?1 to 34.3 mg kg?1, averaging 7.99 mg kg?1. According to PCA, the two to three- and four to six-ring PAHs contributed 10.3 and 89.7 % of ∑PAHs, respectively. The ratio of the sum of major combustion specific compounds (ΣCOMB)?/?∑PAHs varied from 0.57 to 0.79, averaging 0.64. The ratio of Ant/(Ant?+?Phe) varied from 0.05 to 0.41, averaging 0.10; Fla/(Fla?+?Pyr) from 0.40 to 0.68, averaging 0.60; BaA/(BaA?+?Chry) from 0.29 to 0.51, averaging 0.38; and IcdP/(IcdP?+?BghiP) from 0.07 to 0.37, averaging 0.22. The biomass combustion, coal combustion, and traffic emission were the main sources of PAHs in urban street dust with the similar proportion. According to the ILCR model, the total cancer risk for children and adults was up to 2.55?×?10?5 and 9.33?×?10?5, respectively. 相似文献
960.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) has developed into a useful methodology to assess energy consumption of fishing fleets and their derived seafood products, as well as the associated environmental burdens. In this study, however, the life cycle inventory data is used to provide a dimensionless ratio between energy inputs and the energy provided by the fish: the edible protein energy return on investment (ep-EROI). The main objective was to perform a critical comparison of seafood products landed in Galicia (NW Spain) in terms of ep-EROI. The combination of energy return on investment (EROI) with LCA, the latter having standardized mechanisms regarding data acquisition and system boundary delimitation, allowed a reduction of uncertainties in EROI estimations. Results allow a deeper understanding of the energy efficiency in the Galician fishing sector, showing that small pelagic species present the highest ep-EROI values if captured using specific fishing techniques. Finally, results are expected to provide useful guidelines for policy support in the EU’s Common Fisheries Policy.