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571.
Qian Zhang Cheng-Fang Lin You Hai Jing 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2014,64(5):578-585
Graphene-TiO2 was obtained by reduction of graphite oxide by the hydrothermal method. Using photocatalytic activity to reduce carbon dioxide to methanol and formic acid was investigated in this study. The results show that the graphene loading affects the absorption of light in the visible light region. A larger surface area can also improve the catalytic activity. The largest yield of methanol and formic acid, under light of 365 nm, can reach 160 and 150 μmol g?1, respectively, with 8.5% graphene loading. An increase in graphene loading can enhance photocatalytic performance, but too much will also decrease the reduction efficiency by shielding the light from reaching the catalytic surface. The effect of pH was also investigated. The mechanism of the reaction was also discussed in this study.
Implications: Graphene-TiO2 hybrids were prepared by the hydrothermal method. Surface area and visible light adsorption increased with the graphene loading. Increased graphene loading improved the methanol and formic acid production. Too much graphene loading will decrease the reduction efficiency. The effect of pH shows that the HCO3? species prefers the formation of formic acid. The mechanism of the reaction was also discussed in this study. 相似文献
572.
大气颗粒物暴露与健康效应研究进展 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
大气颗粒物一直是影响我国大多数城市空气质量的首要污染物,且呈现出与欧美不同的煤烟、机动车尾气以及开放源复合型污染并存的高浓度污染态势,已有研究发现颗粒物的短期或长期暴露均会对人体产生不良的健康效应。本文从环境科学、暴露科学、环境流行病学和环境毒理学研究等方面系统综述了大气颗粒物健康效应研究的方法和进展,可为我国的大气颗粒物健康效应研究与大气颗粒物环境质量标准的修订提供方法学参考和经验借鉴。目前我国PM10污染尚未得到有效控制,细颗粒物(PM2.5)的污染也已引起关注,建议在不同区域开展空气污染健康效应的系统研究。 相似文献
573.
针对油田采出水中含有多环芳烃种类多且较难去除的特点,选取了菲和芴两种代表性多环芳烃作为研究对象,采用UV/H2O2/TiO2技术对油田采出水中多环芳烃的处理效果进行了研究;考察了在254 nm波长紫外光照射下,TiO2投加量、H2O2投加量、pH值和光照时间对水样中的菲和芴处理效果的影响.实验结果显示,处理初始浓度为1000μg.L-1的菲、芴时,TiO2用量为2.2 g.L-1、H2O2用量为0.12 mmol.L-1、pH值为7、光照时间1.5 h时,去除效果较好. 相似文献
574.
575.
576.
Effect of cationic and anionic surfactants on the sorption and desorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on natural sediments 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Pan G Jia C Zhao D You C Chen H Jiang G 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(1):325-330
Sorption and desorption of PFOS at water-sediment interfaces were investigated in the presence of a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS). CTAB remarkably enhanced the sorption of PFOS on the sediment. In contrast, the influence of SDBS to the sorption of PFOS was concentration dependent. Two contrasting factors were responsible for the phenomenon. One was the sorption of the surfactant itself to the sediment, which enhanced the sorption of PFOS. The other was the increase in solubility of PFOS caused by the adding of surfactants, which decreased the sorption of PFOS. SDBS had a much lower sorption capacity, but rather strong ability to increase the solubility of PFOS. High levels of SDBS remarkably reduced the sorption of PFOS on the sediment. These results imply that cationic and anionic surfactants may have contrast impacts on the distribution and transport of PFOS in the environment. 相似文献
577.
578.
You B. Si Guo D. Fang Jing Zhou Dong M. Zhou 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):233-241
Reductive transformation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) by nanoscale and microscale Fe3O4 was investigated and compared. Disappearance of the parent species and formation of reaction intermediates and products were kinetically analyzed. Results suggest that the transformation of 2,4-D followed a primary pathway of its complete reduction to phenol and a secondary pathway of sequential reductive hydrogenolysis to 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), chlorophenol (2-CP, 4-CP) and phenol. About 65% of 2,4-D with initial concentration of 50 μ M was transformed within 48 h in the presence of 300 mg L?1 nanoscale Fe3O4, and the reaction rates increased with increasing dosage of nanoscale Fe3O4. The decomposition of 2,4-D proceeded rapidly at optimum pH 3.0. Chloride was identified as a reduction product for 2,4-D in the magnetite–water system. Reductive transformation of 2,4-D by microscale Fe3O4 was slower than that by nanoscale Fe3O4. The reactions apparently followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with respect to the 2,4-D transformation. The degradation rate of 2,4-D decreased with the increase of initial 2,4-D concentration. In addition, anions had a significant adverse impact on the degradation efficiency of 2,4-D. 相似文献
579.
滇池柴河小流域暴雨径流中COD的输移特征研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以滇池柴河小流域为单元,对暴雨径流中污染物颗粒粒径进行了分类,得出径流中COD浓度与污染物颗粒粒径的关系,并从输出源强、输移过程、汇集入河这几个方面对暴雨径流中的COD进行了从源到汇的输移特征研究,以确定暴雨径流中COD的入河负荷.结果表明,形成的暴丽径流中的大部分COD经适当沉淀(30min以上)可以有效去除,暴雨径流中的COD主要分布在粉粒和粘粒中,2场暴雨径流均在沉淀的5~30 min去除的COD最多,这部分污染物的颗粒粒径在0.008~0.020 mm,属于容易沉淀去除的部分,沉淀30 min时的COD平均去除率在52.19%,沉淀240 min左右可去除的主要为粒径在0.003~0.008 mm的污染物,沉淀240 min时的COD平均去除率在63.41%;而沉淀2 880min后仍未去除的为粒径小于0.000 8 mm的微小颗粒,仍无法去除的COD平均占23.26%;降雨强度越大,对地面的冲刷能力越强,形成的径流量更多,输出源的COD含量越高.2场暴雨径流的输出源、输移过程和最终入河的COD浓度存在一定的相关性,但由于污染物输移过程中会受各种因素影响,且本研究监测的暴雨场次有限,由此暴雨径流中COD的入河负荷影响因素还有待进一步研究. 相似文献
580.
选择阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)作为污染物,以近海底栖双壳贝类菲律宾蛤仔为受试生物,研究了SDS胁迫对菲律宾蛤仔的急性毒性效应以及长期暴露后菲律宾蛤仔抗氧化酶(SOD,POD,CAT)活性的变化。结果表明,(1)随着SDS浓度的增加,对菲律宾蛤仔的毒性越强表现出"剂量-效应"关系,SDS对菲律宾蛤仔96 h的半数致死浓度LC50=1.466 mg/L;(2)SDS胁迫引起菲律宾蛤仔的SOD、POD、CAT活性显著变化,低浓度SDS对三种酶的活性均具有诱导作用,高浓度SDS对三种酶的活性均具有抑制效应,中浓度组的SOD和POD酶活性呈现先升后降的趋势,而CAT活性受到抑制;(3)不同组织的抗氧化酶活性对SDS的敏感性表现出一定的差异性,对于SOD与CAT,三种组织敏感性为内脏团>外套膜>肌肉组织,而POD敏感性为外套膜>内脏团>肌肉组织。 相似文献