河北沧州黑龙港地区粮食作物生产潜力估算

本文采用屡次分析法,运用1∶10万TM卫星图象对黑龙港类型区(沧州区域为例)农业生产水平类型划分的结果,分析计算了该区各种类型土地(高、中、低产田)的各级生产潜力和粮食作物生产潜力。得出沧州区域提高粮食生产潜力着眼点在高、中产田,主要措施是增加能量投入,合理用水,改良土壤。     

退耕还林后圪针耳流域的土地承载力

山西省中阳县圪针耳流域土地承载力计算结果表明 ,流域内 1 5°以上坡地应全部退耕还林 ,人均基本口粮田不能低于 0 .0 66hm2 ;退耕还林后流域内极限土地承载力为 2 80 2人 ,大于预测人口数量。退耕还林后宜农地生产能保证粮食安全 ,并能使退耕地退得下、稳得住     

厨房复合式油烟净化新工艺的实验研究

采用复合方法获得各种独特的处理效果是油烟污染治理技术的一个主要发展方向。文章综合运用了水雾化学吸收法．冷凝法和过滤吸附法“三法合一”的净化原理，提出了一种新型高效油烟气净化新工艺。并从降低能耗和提高油烟捕集效率的角度出发，利用三因子二次回归正交安排试验，建立数学模型，得出复合式净化效率的回归模型，寻找最优运行工况。在液气比μ=0．27L／m^3，滤料风速v=0．59m／s，运行时间t=21．37d工况下。系统油烟净化效率高达n=96．52％。其排烟效果满足大气环境质量的要求，可直接用于大型和中型公共建筑的厨房，具有明显的社会效益和环境效益。     

三效催化转化器老化过程预测及数值仿真

基于三效催化转化器的老化机理，提出了老化过程的预测方法。然后将老化机理与化学反应机理相结合，建立包含老化过程的三效催化转化器反应模型，并进行数值仿真，得到三效催化转化器载体温度及氧浓度沿载体轴向的分布特性，最后计算得出预测三效催化转化器老化过程的主要参数以及老化前后转化效率的变化，并与实验值进行比较。     

新材料新工艺在新型汽车开发中的应用

讨论各种新型材料 ,包括铝合金、镁合金、高强度钢、超高强度钢和塑料等 ,在汽车制造业中的应用现状和前景。新型材料的推广应用离不开新工艺的发展。亦介绍了液压成形、发泡铝材技术、充液拉深、多点深拉深和拼接技术等新的成形工艺在新型汽车开发中的应用概况。     

Agricultural adaptation of climate change in China.

This paper presents the study on agriculture adaptation to climate change by adopting the assumed land use change strategy to resist the water shortage and to build the capacity to adapt the expected climate change in the northern China. The cost-benefit analysis result shows that assumed land use change from high water consuming rice cultivation to other crops is very effective. Over 7 billions m3 of water can be saved. Potential conflicts between different social interest groups, different regions, demand and supply, and present and future interests have been analyzed for to form a policy to implement the adaptation strategy. Trade, usually taken as one of adaptation strategies, was suggested as a policy option for to support land use change, which not only meets the consumption demand, but also, in terms of resources, imports water resources.     

流域累积效应及其评估中存在问题的探讨

阐述了累积效应、流域累积效应和累积效应评估的概念，并从技术、哲学和社会价值体系3方面着重论述了螺积效应评估存在的问题。通过对流域累积效应评估的研究及未来展望，提出了更加完善合理的流域生态管理思路。     

Particle-bound PAH content in ambient air

Ambient air samples from a traffic intersection, an urban site and a petrochemical-industrial site (PCI) were collected by using several dry deposition plates, two Microorifice uniform deposited impactors (MOUDIs), one Noll Rotary Impactor (NRI) and several PS-1 (General Metal Work) samplers from March 1994 to June 1995 in southern Taiwan, to characterize the atmospheric particle-bound PAH content of these three areas. Twenty-one individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed primarily by using a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). In general, the sub-micron particles have a higher PAH content. This is due to the fact that soot from combustion sources consists primarily of fine particles and has a high PAH content. In addition, a smaller particle has a higher specific surface area and therefore may contain more organic carbon, which allows for more PAH adsorption. For a particle size range between 0.31 and 3.2 microm, both Urban/Traffic and PCI/Traffic ratios of particle-bound total-PAH content have the lowest values, ranging from 0.25 to 0.28 (mean = 0.26) and from 0.07 to 0.13 (mean = 0.10), respectively. This indicates that, during the accumulation process, the PAH mass shifted from a particle phase to a gas phase, or the particles aggregated with lower PAH-content particles, resulting in a reduction in particle-bound PAH content. By using the particle size distribution data, the dry deposition model in this study can provide a good prediction for the PAH content of dry deposition materials. In general, lower molecular weight PAHs had a larger fraction of dry deposition flux contributed by the gas phase; for 2-ring PAH (50.4, 46.3 and 28.4%), 3-ring PAHs (15.2, 15.4 and 11.7%) and 4-ring PAHs (13.0, 3.60 and 5.01%) for the traffic intersection, urban and PCI sites, respectively. For higher molecular weight PAHs-5-ring, 6-ring and 7-ring PAHs-their cumulation fraction (F%) of dry deposition flux contributed by the gas phase was lower than 3.26%. At the traffic intersection, urban and PCI sites, the mass median diameter of dry deposition materials (MMD(F)) of individual PAHs was between 25.3 and 49.6 microm, between 27.6 and 43.9 microm, and between 19.1 and 41.9 microm, respectively. This is due to the fact that PAH dry-deposition primarily resulted from gravitational settling of the coarse particulates (> 10 microm).     

钢渣预处理含铬废水及其废渣与铬渣的固化

用钢渣对含铬废水进行预处理，探讨了钢渣粒度、用量、废水pH值和添加硫酸亚铁还原剂的影响。结果表明，经硫酸亚铁还原处理后再用钢渣处理比单纯用钢渣处理的效果明显提高，采用钢渣／总铬质量比为40的100目钢渣处理经硫酸亚铁还原后的含铬废水，总铬和Cr^6＋去除率分别达79％和84％，采用钢渣柱进行的两级淋滤实验进一步表明该方法可作为工业上含铬废水处理的预处理段。处理后的废钢渣同工业铬渣一起进行水泥固化，标准养护20d后固化体表面Cr^6＋浸出率、破碎至5mm粒径以下和酸雨淋溶下的浸出液Cr^6＋浓度均符合安全标准，可作为普通建材或进行填埋处置。     

Removal efficiencies of PCDDs/PCDFs by air pollution control devices in municipal solid waste incinerators

Removal efficiencies of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) by air pollution control devices (APCDs) in the commercial-scale municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators with a capacity of above 200 ton/day were evaluated. The removal efficiencies of PCDDs/PCDFs were up to 95% when the activated carbon (AC) was injected in front of electrostatic precipitator (EP). Spray dryer absorber/bag filter (SDA/BF) had high removal efficiency (99%)) of PCDDs/PCDFs when a mixture of lime and AC was sprayed into the SDA. When the AC was not added in scrubbing solution, the whole congeners of PCDDs/PCDFs were enriched in the wet scrubber (WS) with negative removal efficiencies of -25% to -5731%. Discharge of PCDDs/PCDFs was decreased with increasing the proportions of AC added in scrubbing solution. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system had the removal efficiencies of up to 93% during the test operation.