GIS中快速真空开关灭弧室波纹管机械寿命研究

当快速真空断路器放入GIS中,真空灭弧室波纹管会承受3种不同条件的严峻考验,分别为高分闸速度高气压环境、重复性大幅度机械压缩。为了确定GIS内真空灭弧室波纹管在高气压环境及高分闸速度下的机械寿命,采用流固耦合仿真方法对波纹管在分闸过程中的机械波传递、等效应力值及机械寿命进行了仿真分析研究。仿真结果表明:波纹管分闸过程中机械波传递速率不随分闸速度及内部气压的变化而改变,随着气压和分闸速度的增大,波纹管最大等效应力值呈阶跃式增大,机械寿命则呈减小趋势。通过对波纹管机械寿命实验,得到了GIS中真空灭弧室波纹管在高气压环境高分闸速度下的机械寿命情况,实验结果与仿真结果较为吻合。     

工业循环冷却水系统中的浓缩倍数

循环冷却水系统的浓缩倍数Ⅳ是一个重要参数。探讨了浓缩倍数与补充水量、排污量以及循环利用率的关系,并说明了控制浓缩倍数的重要性。     

悬浮填料对曝气池充氧能力影响的试验研究

通过清水曝气充氧试验测定在不同填充率情况下水中溶解氧量的变化,分析悬浮填料能否增加曝气池溶解氧的转移速率。试验结果表明：悬浮填料对微孔曝气充氧速率无明显加速作用。     

生物扰动对沉积物中污染物环境行为与生物可利用性的影响

疏水性有机污染物进入环境水体后易于与沉积物结合,对沉积物中的底栖动物造成危害。底栖动物引起的生物扰动作用可以通过改变沉积物的地球化学性质,对其中污染物的赋存形态、迁移转化和生物可利用性产生重要影响。在综述了国内外生物扰动影响沉积物中污染物环境行为和生物可利用性的最新研究进展基础上,重点讨论了沉积物颗粒交换、水体环境条件改变、疏水有机污染物解吸释放过程以及对生物扰动影响的定量化表征。最后对该研究方向进行了展望,指出应重点研究多种污染物及不同生物共存条件下的生态效应,以及造成沉积物扰动的影响因素的定量化表征等。     

母管制机组脱硫设施考核算法的研究及应用

对母管制运行燃煤机组和脱硫设施各项参数进行综合分析,研究设计出针对母管制运行机组脱硫设施考核的加权算法。实践证明:该算法能够准确、快速、直观地考核母管制机组脱硫设施运行状况和单机组大气污染物排放情况,为母管制机组脱硫设施的管理提供支持。     

基于虚拟样机技术的游乐设施安全分析方法探讨

游乐设施安全问题日益受到人们的关注。笔者介绍了虚拟样机技术的产生及其发展情况 ,并对两种主要虚拟样机应用软件 (ADAMS软件和SIMPACK软件 )进行了比较。根据目前国内游乐设施安全问题的实际情况 ,提出了应用虚拟样机技术解决该问题的重点和难点 .在充分分析的基础上 ,结合ADAMS软件论证了应用虚拟样机技术解决游乐设施安全问题的可能性 ,提出了初步的解决方法。为进一步将此方法应用于实际奠定了理论基础。     

概率稀释模型及其在污染物总量控制中的应用

本文简要介绍了概率稀释模型的理论基础及其改进方法，以肥城市康汇河为例，应用该模型确定了河流污染物各总量控制方案下的水质目标及其达标率，阐明了该模型在水体污染物总量控制中的应用。     

A land use regression for predicting NO2 and PM10 concentrations in different seasons in Tianjin region,China

Land use regression (LUR) model was employed to predict the spatial concentration distribution of NO2 and PM10 in the Tianjin region based on the environmental air quality monitoring data. Four multiple linear regression (MLR) equations were established based on the most significant variables for NO2 in heating season (R2 = 0.74), and non-heating season (R2 = 0.61) in the whole study area; and PM10 in heating season (R2 = 0.72), and non-heating season (R2 = 0.49). Maps of spatial concentration distribution for NO2 and PM10 were obtained based on the MLR equations (resolution is 10 km). Intercepts of MLR equations were 0.050 (NO2, heating season), 0.035 (NO2, non-heating season), 0.068 (PM10, heating season), and 0.092 (PM10, non-heating season) in the whole study area. In the central area of Tianjin region, the intercepts were 0.042 (NO2, heating season), 0.043 (NO2, non-heating season), 0.087 (PM10, heating season), and 0.096 (PM10, non-heating season). These intercept values might imply an area’s background concentrations. Predicted result derived from LUR model in the central area was better than that in the whole study area. R2 values increased 0.09 (heating season) and 0.18 (non-heating season) for NO2, and 0.08 (heating season) and 0.04 (non-heating season) for PM10. In terms of R2, LUR model performed more effectively in heating season than non-heating season in the study area and gave a better result for NO2 compared with PM10.     

Advanced treatment of dyeing wastewater towards reuse by the combined Fenton oxidation and membrane bioreactor process

The performance of combined Fenton oxidation and membrane bioreactor (MBR) process for the advanced treatment of an effluent from an integrated dyeing wastewater treatment plant was evaluated. The experimental results revealed that under the optimum Fenton oxidation conditions (initial pH 5, H 2 O 2 dosage 17 mmol/L, and Fe 2+ 1.7 mmol/L) the average total organic carbon (TOC) and color removal ratios were 39.3% and 69.5% after 35 min of reaction, respectively. Results from Zahn-Wallens Test also represented that Fenton process was effective to enhance the biodegradability of the test wastewater. As for the further purification of MBR process, TOC removal capacity was examined at different hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 10, 18 and 25 hr. Under the optimum HRT of 18 hr, the average TOC concentration and color of the final MBR effluent were 16.8 mg/L and 2 dilution time, respectively. The sludge yield coefficient was 0.13 g MLSS/g TOC and TOC degradation rate was 0.078 kg TOC/(m 3 ·day). The final effluent of MBR can meet the reuse criteria of urban recycling water-water quality standard for miscellaneous water consumption GBT18920-2002.     

库滨带土壤释氮负荷模型的构建与田间尺度模拟分析

岸边带生态系统对氮元素的去除机理主要包括化学释放含氮气体过程.植物吸收过程和泥沙截留3方面.其中,土壤反硝化释氮是岸边带系统最为重要的生态功能之一.因此,建立适当的岸边带土壤释氮模型(包括土壤反硝化、硝化和氨挥发过程),对准确评估岸边带生态功能和构建合理的岸边带生态系统具有重要意义.本研究依据岸边带去氮机埋,参照已有的土壤释氮模型研究成果,构建了适用于水库库滨带土壤特性的土壤释氮速率估算模型(简称土壤释氮模型),并以官厅水库库滨带小区为研究对象,对水库库滨带土壤释氮特性进行模拟分析与验证.模型模拟结果表明,在监测期间(6～9月)土壤水分平均含量分别为16.6%、37.3%、43.9%和55.2%的情况下,土壤反硝化释氮速率分别为0、(102.1±59.3)、(169.3±87.6)和(203.2±119.6)mg·m-2·d-1(以N计);硝化速率分别为(233.3±121.4)、(177.9 ±69.3)、(187.7±75.0)和(166.7 ±121.9)mg·m-2· d-1(以N计);氨挥发速率分别为(3.00±1.13)、(2.64±1.01)、(2.76 ±1.04)和(2.51±1.89)mg·m-2·d-1(以N计);总释氮量分别为1.18、33.64、92.50和65.74g(以N计).同时,结合同步监测的实验数据,应用总量平衡法对模拟结果进行了验证.验证结果表明,实验小区土壤释氮量模拟值与实验值的决定系数(R2)为0.83,证明了该模型可有效地应用于水库库滨带区域.