论如何加强自然保护区的管理--以新疆奇台荒漠类草地自然保护区为例

随着我国经济的高速发展,经济活动也开始向自然保护区延伸,这就必然导致各种破坏自然保护区的现象不断出现。因此,加强自然保护区依法严格的科学管护,刻不容缓。     

反向工程在工业领域的研究和应用

此文对反向工程的概念和特点进行了阐述,对它在工业领域的研究现状及其有关应用进行了论述,并提出了今后的研究方向和难点内容。     

Lessons from farmers’ adaptive practices to climate change in China: a systematic literature review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Due to the vulnerability and exposure of agriculture, farmers’ adaptive strategies to climate change are important to food security and...     

Long-term effects of liquid swine manure land surface application in an apple orchard field on soil bacterial community and heavy metal contents in apple (Malus pumila Mill.)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study investigated the impact of liquid swine manure (LSM) land surface application in an apple orchard on soil health and copper (Cu) and zinc...     

纳米TiO2粉尘的采集与控制试验研究

利用硫酸-硫酸铵混合溶液作为吸收及消解液,开发了直接吸收、消解、显色分析纳米TiO2生产现场空气中的纳米TiO2粉尘的方法。并研究了各类口罩对于纳米TiO2的拦截效率。结果表明,在流速为400L/h,采集时间为2.5 h的情况下,采用两级吸收瓶形式,总采集效率可以达到94%以上。对纳米TiO2生产现场粉尘的控制研究表明,佩戴无纺布型口罩是非常有效的防护手段,单只口罩2.5 h平均截留效率大于86%,两只口罩2.5 h平均截留效率大于90%。根据口罩的拦截效果,参照NIOSH的推荐标准,建议将纳米TiO2生产现场的粉尘质量浓度定为小于1.0mg/m3。     

La-EDTA coated Fe3O4 nanomaterial: Preparation and application in removal of phosphate from water

La-EDTA-Fe3O4 was prepared by a chemical co-precipitation method. The magnetic composite was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Furthermore, the adsorption properties of La-EDTA-Fe3O4 toward phosphate in water were investigated. The uptake rate of phosphate in water by La-EDTA-Fe3O4 was 3-1000 times than that of EDTA-Fe3O4 , and reached 97.8% at 7 hr. The adsorption process agreed well with the Freundlich model and kinetics studies showed that the adsorption of phosphate proceeds according to pseudo second-order adsorption kinetics. The maximum removal rate was achieved at pH 6.0-7.0. The La-EDTA-Fe3O4 had good adsorption properties and could be separated well from aqueous solution by a permanent magnet. Therefore, this nanomaterial has potential application for the removal of phosphate from large water bodies.     

常温下好氧颗粒污泥的形成过程及除污性能

接种产絮脱氮菌剂TN-14强化普通活性污泥在常温下实现快速颗粒化。研究了污泥颗粒化过程中污泥形态、浓度(MLSS)、体积指数(SVI)、粒径分布、胞外多糖(PS)和蛋白(PN)的变化规律,以及除污性能。结果表明,反应器污泥在45 d内完全实现颗粒化,成熟颗粒污泥粒径多在0.6~1.0 mm之间;颗粒化期间,系统内污泥浓度略有增加,而污泥体积指数SVI值呈下降趋势。污泥PS和PN含量均明显增加,成熟稳定期污泥PS和PN含量分别维持在84.22~90.46 mg/g MLVSS以及294.22~345.26 mg/g MLVSS。污泥颗粒化后对污水除污能力都有一定的提高,颗粒污泥稳定运行阶段出水COD、氨氮、TN和TP值都能满足一级A类排放标准(GB18918-2002)。     

The accuracy of two- and three-way positive matrix factorization models: Applying simulated multisite data sets

The application of three-way data sets (combined multisite data sets) for source apportionment has become common, but its influence on the performance of receptor modeling techniques has not yet been explored systematically. To study the influence of site-to-site correlations of source contributions and the spatial variability of source profiles on two- and three-way positive matrix factorization (PMF), simulated three-way data sets were constructed and modeled by different applications of PMF (PMF2 for each site individually, PMF2 for data sets combining all sites together, and PMF3 for all sites). In addition, the performance of PMF was evaluated under conditions of collinearity and different source categories at two sites. The results indicated that if the sites were contributed by sources with identical profiles, the site-to-site correlations of source contributions would not influence the PMF2, and the three-way blocks could be used by PMF2. However, the PMF2 using three-way data sets was sensitive to the spatial variability of source profiles. For the three-way model, PMF3 could perform well only when all of the sources exhibited strong site-to-site associations among all sites, and at the same time, the spatial variability of source profiles were sufficiently small. It might due to the algorithm that, for each source, PMF3 produces the same source profile and the same temporal variation in daily contributions among all sites.

Implications:?The application of multisite data sets for source apportionment has become common. However, limited work investigated the accuracy of two- and three-way PMFs when using multisite data sets. If the application of PMFs using multisite data sets were not appropriate, the results would be unreasonable. The unreasonable results would supply confused information for PM control strategies. In this work, simulated multisite data sets were modeled by different applications of PMFs. The effort to assess and compare the performance of two- and three-way PMFs using multisite data sets is very limited. The findings could provide information for multisite source apportionment.     

沸石负载壳聚糖对铬（Ⅵ）的吸附平衡和动力学研究

采用沸石负载壳聚糖作为吸附剂,对溶液中铬（Ⅵ）的吸附平衡和吸附动力学进行了研究。结果表明,溶液中铬（Ⅵ）在沸石负载壳聚糖上的等温吸附数据符合Freundlich模型;吸附体系属于物理吸附,吸附状态属于多层吸附;吸附行为符合二级速率方程。     

降雨入渗下残坡积土边坡的稳定性模拟研究

针对杭兰高速公路受降雨影响显著的非饱和残坡积土边坡,考虑降雨入渗的影响,通过对非饱和土水力特征参数的试验研究,用精度较高的Van Genuchten公式拟合土-水特征曲线,得出了非饱和渗透函数的特征参数;在此基础上,将饱和-非饱和非稳定渗流分析与有限元强度折减法相结合,进行了降雨入渗渗流场与应力场的耦合分析,模拟雨水入渗引起的暂态渗流场,并将计算所得到的暂态孔隙水压力用于考虑基质吸力影响的边坡稳定系数的计算;最后根据研究区的降雨气象资料,探讨了降雨强度、降雨持时对残坡积土边坡渗流场分布、发展和稳定性的影响。该研究可为滑坡地质灾害的预防提供依据。