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161.
Duian Lu Lixia Wang Baixing Yan Yang Ou Jiunian Guan Yu Bian Yubin Zhang 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(8):1529-1536
Pig manure usually contains a large amount of metals, especially Cu and Zn, which may limit its land application. Rock phosphate has been shown to be effective for immobilizing toxic metals in toxic metals contaminated soils. The aim of this study work was to investigate the effect of rock phosphate on the speciation of Cu and Zn during co-composting of pig manure with rice straw. The results showed that composting process and rock phosphate addition significantly affected the changes of metal species. During co-composting, the exchangeable and reducible fractions of Cu were transformed to organic and residue fractions, thus the bioavailable Cu fractions were decreased. The rock phosphate addition enhanced the metal transformation depending on the level of rock phosphate amendment. Zinc was found in the exchangeable and reducible fractions in the compost. The bioavailable Zn fraction changed a little during the composting process. The composting process converted the exchangeable Zn fraction into reducible fraction. Addition of an appropriate amount (5.0%) of rock phosphate could advance the conversion. Rock phosphate could reduce metal availability through adsorption and complexation of the metal ions on inorganic components. The increase in pH and organic matter degradation could be responsible for the reduction in exchangeable and bioavailable Cu fractions and exchangeable Zn fraction in rock phosphate amended compost. 相似文献
162.
In this study, we investigated the Cr(VI) uptake mechanism in an indigenous Cr(VI)-tolerant bacterial strain -Bacillus cereus through batch and microscopic experiments. We found that both the cells and the supernatant collected from B. cereus cultivation could reduce Cr(VI). The valence state analysis revealed the complete transformation from Cr(VI) into Cr(III) by living B. cereus. Further X-ray absorption fine structure and Fourier transform infrared analyses showed that the reduced Cr(III) was coordinated with carboxyl and amido functional groups from either the cells or supernatant. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy observation showed that noticeable Cr(III) precipitates were accumulated on bacterial surfaces. However, Cr(III) could also be detected in bacterial inner portions by using transmission electron microscopy thin section analysis coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Through quantitative analysis of chromium distribution, we determined the binding ratio of Cr(III) in supernatant, cell debris and cytoplasm as 22%, 54% and 24%, respectively. Finally, we further discussed the role of bacterium-origin soluble organic molecules to the remediation of Cr(VI) pollutants. 相似文献
163.
官金华 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2012,(6):81-84
2009年,财政部拟定了新《高等学校会计制励(征求意见稿),要求核算能提供预算管理需要的预算收支信息,增加了与公共财政改革相关的会计核算内容,但高校会计制度(征求意见稿)与公共财政体制依然存在着衔接不当问题。从公共财政体制改革对高校会计的影响出发,解读了高校会计制度(征求意见稿)与财政改革的衔接性,分析了高校会计实务中存在的与公共财政改革不协调的问题,并提出了相应的解决措施。 相似文献
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167.
Cu fractions, mobility and bioavailability in soil-wheat system after Cu-enriched livestock manure applications 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Fertilization of crops with livestock manure (LM) is a common waste disposal option, but repeated application of LM containing high concentrations of heavy metals such as Cu could lead to crop toxicity and environmental risk. To examine the Cu availability and uptake by wheat in a Mollisol affected by Cu-enriched LM, pot experiments were conducted. LM (376 mg kg−1 Cu originally) was spiked with different concentrations of Cu (0, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg kg−1 soil, added as CuSO4) to simulate soil Cu contamination by LM application. The results indicated that Cu was predominately distributed in organic bound fraction, while the most drastic increase was found in reducible fraction. Acid-extractable fraction played a more important role than other fractions in controlling the mobility and bioavailability of Cu. DTPA-extractable Cu may overestimate the Cu bioavailability since DTPA solution could extract soluble and part of stable forms. The application of LM at 1% level significantly decline the Cu mobility, but that at 3% level exhibited the opposite effect.Although the quantities of Cu in wheat was very low compared with the accumulation in soil, Cu concentrations in roots increased evidently from 12 to 533 mg kg−1 and that in aerial parts were in a narrow range from 12.1 to 32.7 mg kg−1, indicating the more sensitivity of roots to the Cu toxicity. The Cu concentrations in grains after 3% manure application did not approach the threshold for Cu toxicity (<20 mg kg−1) even at higher Cu addition rates. 相似文献
168.
城市环境承载力分析与评估——以湛江市为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了环境承载力的涵义以及城市环境承载力的评估方法,以PSR模型研究环境压力所对应的环境状态,以此评估城市环境承载状态,并以湛江市为对象,展开城市环境承载力的现状分析,在此基础上对未来不同发展阶段的环境承载力做情景分析,从减压—改善—优化层次上提出湛江市环境承载力提升的对策建议。 相似文献
169.
A new and integrated hydro-economic accounting and analytical framework for water resources: a case study for North China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Water is a critical issue in China for a variety of reasons. China is poor of water resources with 2300m(3) of per capita availability, which is less than 13 of the world average. This is exacerbated by regional differences; e.g. North China's water availability is only about 271m(3) of per capita value, which is only 125 of the world's average. Furthermore, pollution contributes to water scarcity and is a major source for diseases, particularly for the poor. The Ministry of Hydrology [1997. China's Regional Water Bullets. Water Resource and Hydro-power Publishing House, Beijing, China] reports that about 65-80% of rivers in North China no longer support any economic activities. Previous studies have emphasized the amount of water withdrawn but rarely take water quality into consideration. The quality of the return flows usually changes; the water quality being lower than the water flows that entered the production process initially. It is especially important to measure the impacts of wastewater to the hydro-ecosystem. Thus, water consumption should not only account for the amount of water inputs but also the amount of water contaminated in the hydro-ecosystem by the discharged wastewater. In this paper we present a new accounting and analytical approach based on economic input-output modelling combined with a mass balanced hydrological model that links interactions in the economic system with interactions in the hydrological system. We thus follow the tradition of integrated economic-ecologic input-output modelling. Our hydro-economic accounting framework and analysis tool allows tracking water consumption on the input side, water pollution leaving the economic system and water flows passing through the hydrological system thus enabling us to deal with water resources of different qualities. Following this method, the results illustrate that North China requires 96% of its annual available water, including both water inputs for the economy and contaminated water that is ineligible for any uses. 相似文献
170.
机场鸟击事故灾害的生态防治 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13
从生态学角度分析了机场鸟击事故灾害发生的根源和特点,概述了鸟击灾害的生态防治措施,包括主动性防治和被动性防治,以及计算机和信息技术的应用。指出鸟击灾害已经成为机场飞行安全的主要威胁之一;生态综合防治是机场鸟击事故灾害防治的根本手段。 相似文献