西藏雅鲁藏布江中、下游地区大气降水同位素分布特征

雅鲁藏布江中、下游地区的雨水方程为 :δD =7.54δ18O +1 5.92 ,表现出该地区为强烈蒸发特征。氢、氧同位素空间分布特征 :δD、δ18O东部高 ,西部低 ;氚值 (T)东部低 ,西部高 ,这与孟加拉湾降水云气的形成、动态运移过程及青藏高原的自然环境、气候条件有关。     

铁－碳絮凝床处理厨房污水

用铁－碳絮凝床处理厨房污水，在实验室试验及中间试验的基础上建立了工业装置并顺利运行，发现此法能快速脱除污水中油分，脱除率达９６％，对ＣＯＤ及ＢＯＤ去除效果也很显著，去除率分别为７２．５％及９０％。     

不同类型污泥对Cr(VI)的吸附及其影响因素

城市污水厂污泥产生量大且成分复杂,如何实现它的资源化利用已越来越受人们的关注.本研究以生活污水厂和工业废水厂的污泥为吸附剂,研究了其对Cr6 的吸附特性;并以4种挥发份含量不同的污泥为对象,探求污泥挥发份含量与Cr6 吸附量之间的关系.结果表明:两污水厂污泥对Cr6 的吸附量随着pH的降低而增大;Cr6 在两种污泥中的最佳吸附时间均为15 min.另挥发份含量越高的污泥对Cr6 的吸附率越高,由此表明污泥中挥发份含量对Cr6 的吸附有重要的影响.     

寒区部队营区大气污染调查与评价

于冬夏两季监测了哈尔滨，长春，锦西部队营区大气中ＳＯ２，ＣＯ，ＮＯｘ，ＴＳＰ及苯并芘浓度。结果表明，３市上述５项指标夏季均在标准以下；冬季长春市ＮＯｘ，ＴＳＰ超过标准，５项指标冬季均高于夏季；１日内ＳＯ２，ＮＯｘ，ＴＳＰ变化规律为早＞晚＞中，ＣＯ为早＜中＜晚；不同纬度城市浓度变化规律不明显。以沈阳大气质量指数评价夏季长春营区属“中污染”，合为“轻污染”，冬季３市均为“中污染”。     

内循环溶气工艺在浮选系统中的应用

分析了内循环射流溶气工艺原理 ,通过对实际工作中应用的总结 ,说明其实际运行中的有效性     

镉镍密封蓄电池的清洁生产实践

通过清洁生产实践，对镉镍密封蓄电池的生产工艺进行评估、改造，加大实施规范化清洁生产审计力度，达到了节能、降耗、减污、增效的目的。     

Use of Azotobacter sp.as an indicator to detect the toxicity of heavy metals in soils

A physiological strain of microorganism - Azotobacter sp. has been adopted as an indicator to detect the toxicity of heavy metals in soils. The concentration of heavy metals to which Azotobacter sp. was behaving initially to have the resistance to heavy metals is defined as the critical poisoning concentration. The method of physiological threshold adopted can have a quantitative determination with reproducible results. The determined critical poisoning concentration is basically consistent with the results of heavy metals and arsenic toxicities to the bacteria reported recently in literatures. Total 9 typical soils, including 6 zonal soils and 3 purple soils, in the whole country were determined for the toxicities of 5 heavy metals and arsenic to Azotobacter sp. that resulted in 48 critical poisoning concentrations.     

基于反向模拟的毛坯外形设计

毛坯外形设计是工艺设计的重要环节 ,它直接影响工件的成形质量。精确计算毛坯外形极其困难 ,目前尚无通用的方法。反向模拟结合了塑性形变理论和有限元技术 ,直接由工件反算出毛坯。文中着重指出反向模拟与一般增量正向模拟的区别 ,对其应用于毛坯设计的原理作了阐述 ,并通过标准考题验证了方法的有效性 ,最后将其应用于一实际生产零件的毛坯外形设计。     

The fate of the recombinant DNA in corn during composting

In order to make regulations that safeguard food and the environment, an understanding of the fate oftransgenes from genetically modified (GM) plants is of crucial importance. A compost experiment including mature transgenic corn plants and seeds of event Bt 176 (Zea mays L.) was conducted to trace the fate of the transgene cryIA(b) during the period of composting. In bin 1, shredded corn plants including seeds were composted above a layer of cow manure and samples from the corn layer were collected at intervals during a 12-month period. The samples were tested for the transgene persistence and microbial counts and also the compost was monitored for temperature. In bin 2, piles of corn seeds, surrounded by sheep manure and straw, were composted for 12 months. A method combining nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and southern hybridization was developed for detection of the transgene in compost. The detection sensitivity was 200 copies of the transgene per gram of dry composted corn material. Composting commenced on day 0, and the transgene was detected in specimens from bin 1 on days 0 and 7 but not on day 14 or thereafter. The transgene in corn seeds was not detectable after 12 months of composting in bin 2. Temperatures in both bins rose to about 50 degrees C within 2 weeks and remained above that temperature for about 3 months, even when the ambient temperature dropped below -20 degrees C. Extracts from compost were inoculated onto culture plates and then were incubated at 23 to 55 degrees C. Within the first 2 weeks of composting in bin 1, the counts of bacteria incubated at 55 degrees C increased from 3.5 to 7.5 log10, whereas those incubated at 23 degrees C remained at about 7.5 log10. The counts of fungi incubated at 45 degrees C increased slightly from 2.5 to 3.1 log10, but those incubated at 23 degrees C decreased from 6.3 to 3.0 log10. The rapid degradation of the transgene during composting of Bt corn plants suggested that the composting process could be used for safe disposal of transgenic plant wastes.     

Temporal variations and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds at an urban site in Shijiazhuang, China

Shijiazhuang, the city with the worst air quality in China, is suffering from severe ozone pollution in summer. As the key precursors of ozone generation, it is necessary to control the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) pollution. To have a better understanding of the pollution status and source contribution, the concentrations of 117 ambient VOCs were analyzed from April to August 2018 in an urban site in Shijiazhuang. Results showed that the monthly average concentration of total VOCs was 66.27 ppbv, in which, the oxygenated VOCs (37.89%), alkanes (33.89%), and halogenated hydrocarbons (13.31%) were the main composite on. Eight major sources were identified using Positive Matrix Factorization modeling with an accurate VOCs emission inventory as inter-complementary methods revealed that the petrochemical industry (26.24%), other industrial sources (15.19%), and traffic source (12.24%) were the major sources for ambient VOCs in Shijiazhuang. The spatial distributions of major industrial activities emissions were identified by using geographic information statistics system, which illustrated the VOCs was mainly from the north and southeast of Shijiazhuang. The inverse trajectory analysis using Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) and Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) clearly demonstrated the features of pollutant transport to Shijiazhuang. These findings can provide references for local governments regarding control strategies to reduce VOCs emissions.