渗滤液中胶粒的梯度分离

用系列滤膜对老港填埋场的新鲜渗滤液、1991年垃圾产生的渗滤液进行了梯度分离 ,并研究了COD、氨氮、TS、DS、电导率和pH的变化趋势与不同孔径膜之间的关系 .结果表明 :随着系列膜孔径的减小 ,经过膜的梯度分离后 ,出水COD、氨氮、DS值逐渐减少 ,但减少的幅度并不一样 ,电导率先减小后增加 ,pH则先增加后减小 .     

GC/MS/MS法结合SPME进样测定饮用水中亚硝胺类化合物

本文利用岛津公司GCMS-TQ8050 NX三重四极杆气质联用仪以及AOC-6000自动进样器的SPME Arrow功能,建立了一种饮用水中亚硝胺类化合物的测定方法.水样经固相微萃取方式萃取后采用多反应监测模式(MRM)进行检测.11种亚硝胺类化合物在线性范围内线性关系良好,标准曲线相关系数(R) ＞0.999,检出限...     

松花江沉积物汞的新变化:分布、演化与现状及潜在生态风险评估

分析了第二松花江中下游和松花江干流表层沉积物中总汞的含量水平和分布规律,同期采集了牡丹江、黑龙江沉积物作为对照,并采用地累积指数法以及潜在生态风险指数法,初步评价了松花江沉积物中汞的污染状况和潜在的生态风险.结果表明,松花江10个断面沉积物总汞含量范围0.029~1.317 mg·kg~(-1),均值0.183 mg·kg~(-1).第二松花江3个典型断面沉积物总汞含量均显著高于松花江干流的7个典型断面(P0.05).地累积指数(Igeo)及潜在生态风险指数(Er)表明第二松花江3个典型断面沉积物汞污染程度为偏中度至重度污染,存在高度生态风险;松花江干流7个典型断面为轻度污染,具有较高生态风险.近10年松花江沉积物汞含量变化及空间分布结果显示,现阶段第二松花江沉积物汞含量有所下降,但松花江干流个别江段沉积物汞含量有所上升,应引起重视.     

双酚A对斑马鱼精巢性激素生成酶基因表达的影响

为了解环境雌激素对鱼类精巢发育的影响,将成年雄性斑马鱼(Danio rerio)暴露于不同浓度双酚A(0、500、1 000、2 000、4 000μg·L-1)下21 d,并在此基础上,进一步研究了暴露在相同浓度(BPA2 000μg·L-1)不同暴露时间下各基因表达的动力学模式。用荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)方法检测试验鱼精巢性激素合成相关细胞色素P450酶类基因(CYP17、CYP11B和CYP19A)以及雌、雄激素受体和促卵泡激素受体(ERα、ERβ、AR和FSHR)基因的表达,用常规组织学方法研究试验鱼精巢结构的变化。结果表明,BPA促进了精巢内源雌激素合成相关酶类基因CYP19A和雌激素受体ERαmRNA、ERβmRNA的表达,且BPA浓度为2 000μg·L-1时3者的表达量显著上调,同时随着暴露时间的延长,具有明显的时间累积效应。1 000μg·L-1BPA可导致斑马鱼精巢CYP17 mRNA的表达量显著下调,BPA2 000μg·L-1暴露12 d引起了CYP11B mRNA表达下调,而随着暴露时间的延长有所回升,但它对精巢AR mRNA的表达却无明显影响。同时,BPA 500μg·L-1引起了FSHR基因的显著上调,在时间动态学上,呈上升趋势。在组织学上,2 000μg·L-1BPA引起斑马鱼精巢生精小管内精子浓缩严重,精原细胞(Sg)和精母细胞(PS和SS)数目都有所减少,BPA 4 000μg·L-1组斑马鱼精巢退化。因此,BPA可诱导精巢内源雌激素合成和雌激素受体的表达,提高雌激素效应,通过抑制CYP17基因的表达,一定程度上抑制雄激素的合成,从而引起斑马鱼精巢组织的破坏。同时,据实验数据推测,雄激素的下调可能启动了下丘脑-垂体-性腺(HPG)轴的负反馈调节机制,而此作用机制还有待进一步研究。     

Indicating landfill stabilization state by using leachate property from Laogang Refuse Landfill

Variation and evolution process of leachate can be applied as a reference for landfill stabilization phase. In this work, leachates with different ages were collected from Laogang Refuse Landfill, and characterized with 14 key parameters. Simultaneously, principal component analysis （PCA） was applied to develop a synthetic parameter-F based on these 14 parameters, and a logarithm equation was simulated for the landfill stabilization process finally. It was predicted that leachates would meet Class I and Class II in standard for pollution control on the landfill site of municipal solid waste （GB 16889-1997） after 32 years and 22 years disposal under the natural attenuation in the humid and warm southern areas of China, respectively. The predication of landfill state would be more accurate and useful according to the synthetic parameter F of leachate from a working landfill.     

Urban forest in China: Development patterns,influencing factors and research prospects

Urban forest is a very important part of urban ecosystems and provides significant ecosystem services. It benefits urban communities environmentally, aesthetically, recreationally and economically. This article reviews the development status, development patterns and influencing factors of urban forest in China. There are four typical development patterns of urban forest in China: the forest city, garden city, ecological economics and forest greenbelt. Social, climatic, economic and other factors influence urban forest development in China. Social factors include government behaviour, laws and regulations, science and technology, education and culture, public awareness and participation, ecological planning and management. Climatic factors include rainfall, temperature and sunlight. Economic factors include urban economic level and funding for urban forest. In future, government, NGOs and the private sector should be considered more in the planning and management of urban forest. The social, climatic and economic factors should be taken into account when improving urban forest management. Research on urban forest from the academic and the management viewpoint should be strengthened. This can improve the development and management of urban forest in China and in other developing countries.     

沿海和内陆地区居民汞暴露量对比

通过对沿海和内陆居民食用水产品消费情况调查以及居民头发汞含量的分析,对不同地区普通居民的汞暴露水平进行了对比研究.居民水产品的消费情况采用调查问卷的形式,对沿海地区大连和内陆地区河南两地普通居民进行了随机调查,并同时采集被调查者的头发作为汞暴露情况的生物样本.本次研究共收集到有效调查问卷及头发样本213份(大连112份;河南101份),两地居民水产品消费量分别为:大连104 g.d-1,河南74 g.d-1;收集到的头发样本采用DMA-80测汞仪(按美国EPA-7473的方法)进行总汞含量的测定.头发总汞含量分析结果显示,大连为(0.363±0.256)μg.g-1,河南地区为(0.192±0.167)μg.g-1.两地区对同一年龄段居民发汞水平比较发现,大连地区居民发汞水平明显高于河南地区.以美国环境保护署(EPA)参考剂量1μg.g-1作为发汞基准,大连地区的超出比例为3%,河南地区的超出比例为1%.该研究结果为了解我国普通居民的汞暴露情况以及后续的汞暴露风险的定量计算提供了基础数据.     

Epigenetic effect of long-term bisphenol A exposure on human breast adenocarcinoma cells

In this research, epigenetic effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were analyzed. Genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression were analyzed in MCF-7 cells exposed to BPA (10^?5 and 10^?6 mol/L for 5 weeks). No significant changes in the global level of 5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine and 5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine were observed. DNA methylation profiling analysis indicated that BPA exposure resulted in the hypermethylation of FOXK2, LKB1, LMX1A and CUGBP2 and the hypomethylation of PTPRN2, TRIM27, BCAS3 and ZNF423. Decreased expression of apoptosis genes (P38 and BCL2L1) and increased expression of chemokine (Cxcl2 and ccl20) were detected. Changes of these genes were speculated to affect the ERα-related cell growth as well as cell apoptosis.     

Exploring the administrative mechanism of China's Paired Assistance to Disaster Affected Areas programme

The Paired Assistance to Disaster Affected Areas (PADAA) programme is a mutual aid initiative with Chinese characteristics, which speeded up the process of restoring and reconstructing regions affected by the Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008. 1 The PADAA is an efficient instrument for catastrophe recovery, yet it remains a mysterious mechanism to many members of disaster management communities. This paper aims to lift the veil on it by assessing its origins and evolution. It draws on the multi‐level moderated competition model to explain how the PADAA functions within the Chinese administrative system. The country's top‐down political system allows the central authority to mandate provincial and local governments from more economically developed regions to assist devastated areas with post‐disaster reconstruction. The practices of local accountability complement vertical control by giving leaders from donor regions strong incentives to accomplish assigned reconstruction tasks, resulting in intense competition between them.     

2016—2019年夏半年成都市区臭氧污染天气特征分析

为揭示成都市区臭氧污染气象条件特征,通过欧盟COST733天气客观分型软件对成都市区2016-2019年夏半年(5-9月)海平面气压场和500 hPa位势高度场进行大气环流形势分型,并结合同期臭氧监测数据、地面气象观测数据以及总云量实况分析产品,分析成都市区夏半年臭氧超标天气及气象要素特征.结果表明:成都市区2016-2019年夏半年共出现臭氧超标日数为159 d,超标率为26.0%,超标日主要集中于5-8月,小时超标多出现于14:00-17:00.臭氧污染日数最多的海平面气压场为弱低压型,其后依次为低压前部型、低压型、高压后部型.臭氧超标率最高的海平面气压场为低压前部型,其后依次为弱低压型、低压型、高压后部型.500 hPa位势高度场平直西风气流型臭氧超标日数最多,青藏高压型臭氧超标日数最少.青藏高压型是臭氧超标率最高的500 hPa位势高度场型,平直西风气流型臭氧超标率最低.成都市区臭氧超标日多出现在偏西北风下,近地面气象要素特征一般表现为风速1.2~1.6 m/s,气温在25℃以上,相对湿度多集中在70%左右,总云量和降水概率多低于60%,降水量级以小雨为主,太阳辐射和日照时数分别位于20.5~23.2 MJ/m2和6.0~7.8 h区间.小时臭氧超标近地面气象要素特征为气温和总辐射曝辐量相对较高,二者分别在30~36℃和0~3.5 MJ/m2之间,相对湿度在60%以下,总云量低于40%,以偏南风影响为主.研究显示,成都市区海平面气压场为低压型,500 hPa位势高度场为青藏高压型时,易发生臭氧污染.