卤代酚对斑马鱼的急性联合毒性效应研究

为了探讨卤代酚等毒性二元混合物联合毒性效应和评价其联合毒性效应的最佳方法,依次测定了6种卤代酚对斑马鱼的单一急性毒性和二元混合物的联合毒性,其中联合毒性作用类型采用毒性单位法(TU)、相加指数法(AI)和混合毒性指数法(MTI)分别进行评价. 结果表明:单一卤代酚的生物毒性随着卤素原子数目在化合物中的增多呈增强趋势;卤代酚等毒性二元混合物的联合作用方式以部分相加和协同作用为主;毒性单位法(TU)和混合毒性指数法(MTI)可以较精确地评价卤代酚联合毒性作用类型.      

卤代酚复合污染对鲤科金鱼的生化毒性效应研究

为探讨卤代酚复合污染对水生生物的联合毒性效应,探究较为可靠的检测方法,根据所选6种卤代酚化学结构的相似程度和48 h LC₅₀值,将其分为3组二元混合物进行急性暴露实验, 毒性单位比为1∶1,每组分2个浓度级别观察金鱼生物学行为的变化,同时检测金鱼肝脏中3种抗氧化酶(SOD,CAT和GSH-Px)活性以及酶活性影响率的变化. 结果表明:3组卤代酚对金鱼肝脏中3种抗氧化酶的酶活性影响率变化均有显著性差异(P<0.01);3种抗氧化酶中仅SOD在1/2LC₅₀剂量暴露组中均表现为明显升高的酶活性激活率或酶活性抑制率,提示SOD较适合作为卤代酚低浓度复合水污染情况监测的生物化学检测指标.      

质谱技术在环境突发性事故中的应用

介绍了质谱技术在环境突发性事故应急监测中的应用,通过分析化工仓库爆炸应急监测和水厂污染事故调查监测两个实际案例,指出质谱技术能提供准确的定性定量结果,是环境突发性事故应急监测强有力的手段和工具.     

球压试验测量不确定度评定

根据IEC17025-2005《测试和校准实验室能力的一般要求》的规定,测试报告必须包括评估测量不确定度的相关信息.按照JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》的方法,本文建立了数学模型、分析不确定度,得出了球压试验不确定度的评定过程,同时讨论了对球压试验结果影响较大的一些因素,分析了影响结果的主要因素和如何避免出现误差的方法.     

暖风机的可靠性分析与改进

本文介绍了我国出口室内加热器类产品中暖风机在型式试验过程中常见的安全问题,指出其普遍存在的不符合标准的条款和产生的原因,并提出了解决问题的技术途径和预防措施.     

电热器具安全性可靠性探讨

本文首先介绍了产品安全性和可靠性的关系,通过对电热水壶电路的分析和比较,提出了一些改进意见.希望相关的企业通过上述的分析,从中得到借鉴,进而提高类似产品的安全性和可靠性.     

磁化处理对活性污泥胶体颗粒表面的zeta电位的影响

污水处理过程中,二沉池的泥水分离影响整套工艺的效果,用投加混凝剂来降低活性污泥胶体颗粒表面的zeta电位(以下简写活性污泥zeta电位),增加了运行成本.通过磁场磁化可以降低活性污泥zeta电位,达到节省药剂的目的.研究了磁感应强度、磁化时间、磁场位型以及搅拌速率对氧化沟活性污泥zeta电位的影响规律.研究表明,磁化处理能降低活性污泥zeta电位,在磁场中心磁感应强度为0.40 T左右及反应器与磁场平行静置磁化时,zeta电位降低幅度最大,平均在46.5%～51.4%.     

Effect of SiO2 addition on NH4HSO4 decomposition and SO2 poisoning over V2O5–MoO3/TiO2–CeO2 catalyst

The deposition of NH₄HSO₄ and the poisoning effect of SO₂ on SCR catalyst are the main obstacles that restrict the industrial application of CeO₂-doped SCR catalysts. In this work, deposited NH₄HSO₄ decomposition behavior and SO₂ poisoning over V₂O₅–MoO₃/TiO₂ catalysts modified with CeO₂ and SiO₂ were investigated. By the means of characterization analysis, it was found that the addition of SiO₂ into VMo/Ti–Ce had an impact on the interaction existed between catalyst surface atoms and NH₄HSO₄. Temperature-programmed methods and in situ diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) experiments indicated that the doping of SiO₂ promoted the decomposition of deposited NH₄HSO₄ on VMo/Ti–Ce catalyst surface by reducing the thermal stability of NH₄HSO₄ and enhancing the NH₄HSO₄ reactivity with NO in low temperature. And this improvement may be the reason for the better catalytic activity than VMo/Ti–Ce in the case of NH₄HSO₄ deposition. Accompanied with cerium sulfate species generated over catalyst surface, the conversion of SO₂ to SO₃ was inhibited in SiCe mixed catalyst. The addition of SiO₂ could promote the decomposition of cerium sulfate, which may be a potential strategy to enhance the resistance of SO₂ poisoning over CeO₂-modifed catalysts.     

Enhanced biohydrogen generation from organic wastewater containing NH 4+ by phototrophic bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides AR-3

NH₄⁺ is typically an inhibitor to hydrogen production from organic wastewater by photo-bacteria. In this experiment, biohydrogen generation with wild-type anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroideswas found to be sensitive to NH₄⁺ due to the significant inhibition of NH₄⁺ to its nitrogenase. In order to avoid the inhibition of NH₄⁺ to biohydrogen generation by R. sphaeroides, a glutamine auxotrophic mutant R. sphaeroides AR-3 was obtained by mutagenizing with ethyl methane sulfonate. The AR-3 mutant could generate biohydrogen efficiently in the hydrogen production medium with a higher NH₄⁺ concentration, because the inhibition of NH₄⁺ to nitrogenase of AR-3 was released. Under suitable conditions, AR-3 effectively produced biohydrogen from tofu wastewater, which normally contains 50–60 mg/L NH₄⁺, with an average generation rate of 14.2 mL/L·h. This generation rate was increased by more than 100% compared with that from wild-type R. sphaeroides.     

基于真实进步指标对我国可持续发展的预警评估

随着可持续发展概念的提出，国内外学者对可持续发展指标体系做出了大量的研究。但是这些指标体系大多数并没有对短期内经济的高速增长是否会对可持续发展状态产生影响做出回答。针对我国近年来经济的高速增长。本文提出的一个新问题即是我国可持续发展的风险问题。选取衡量可持续发展的经济类指标——真实进步指标（GPI）刚对我国的可持续发展是否存在风险进行预警评估．通过计算我国1994—2005年间的GPI值。并将其与我国同期的GDP值进行比较。得出了我国的经济发展具有较好的可持续性的结果。以此为依据对我国可持续发展状况进行预警评估．提出了应继续提高居民收入，扩大基础设施投资。缓解城乡分配不均。进一步不断提高经济增长的质量。以提高我国的可持续发展能力。