S-K型管式混合器-微絮凝高速过滤的实验研究

基于2种传统管式混合器的特点,研究了苏尔士-凯尼斯（S-K）新型组合管式混合器在预氧化-微絮凝高速过滤技术中的应用,对苏尔士（Sulzer）管式混合器、凯尼斯（Kenics）管式混合器及s-K型管式混合器高速过滤出水水质进行了对比分析,结果表明,S-K型微絮凝方式对浊度、COD及TP的平均去除率比其他2种混合器混合方式的去除效果提高了5％～10％,分别为80．3％、64．76％和51．15％。S-K型混合器过滤形成的絮体能够充分利用深层滤料,延长过滤周期。     

典型场地地下水污染源强分级评价方法研究

地下水污染程度评价是地下水研究领域的研究热点。以场地浅层地下水为研究对象,基于目前国内工业场地有无防渗措施的分类原则,综合考虑污染源和场地包气带特征因子,构建了地下水污染源强分级评价指标体系。将修正的内梅罗污染指数法应用于污染源危害性分级,并将改进后的DRTAS模型应用于包气带阻控性分级,利用矩阵法构建两方面多因素耦合模型,最后形成了适合典型工业场地的地下水污染源强分级评价的方法。选择4个典型污染场地对评价方法进行实地验证,分析结果表明,对于已建的或拟建的有防渗措施的项目,污染源危害性是造成场地地下水污染的主因;对于已建的无防渗措施项目,污染源危害性和包气带阻控性共同决定地下水污染源强。场地评价结果与水质监测报告结论相符,说明本研究建立的分级评价方法对于地下水污染的预防和控制具有借鉴意义。     

山羊粪污颗粒静态好氧堆肥过程的生物强化

对山羊粪便颗粒进行了理化表征,发现其外表致密内芯多孔的结构特点,且其总体C/N比为25.69~27.88,适合直接堆肥,提出采用生物接种破坏表层,强化堆肥进程的思路.研究结果表明,生物接种可以大大强化堆肥过程中的生化反应进程,缩短堆肥发酵周期.产物中N、P含量随着生物接种量的增加而增大.当以VT-1000菌剂按10 mL/kg干物质接种时,堆体温度在2 d内就达到50℃,在高温期50~60℃维持7 d以上,其堆肥腐熟后物料TN、TP分别增加0.70%和1.59%,其C/N<15,更趋于稳定化,且最终产物中粪大肠菌群数<3个/g,未检验出蛔虫卵,实现了无害化处理.     

Occurrence of free estrogens,conjugated estrogens,and bisphenol A in fresh livestock excreta and their removal by composting in North China

An efficient pretreatment and analytical method was developed to investigate the occurrence and fate of four free estrogens (estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), estriol (E3), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2)), four conjugated estrogens (estrone-3-sulfate sodium salt (E1-3S), 17β-estradiol-3-sulfate sodium salt (E2-3S), estrone-3-glucuronide sodium salt (E1-3G), and 17β-estradiol-3-glucuronide sodium salt (E2-3G)), and bisphenol A (BPA) in three livestock farms raising beef cattle, cows, sheep, swine, and chickens in Qi County, which is located in North China. The results demonstrated that one cow and one beef cattle excreted 956.25–1,270.41 and 244.38–319.99 μg/day of total (free and conjugated) estrogen, respectively, primarily through feces (greater than 91 %), while swine excreted 260.09–289.99 μg/day of estrogens, primarily through urine (98–99 %). The total estrogen excreted in sheep and broiler chicken feces was calculated to be 21.64–28.67 and 4.62–5.40 μg/day, respectively. It was determined that conjugated estrogens contributed to 21.1–21.9 % of the total estrogen excreted in cow feces and more than 98 % of the total estrogen excreted in swine urine. After composting, the concentration of total estrogen decreased by 18.7–59.6 %; however, increased levels of BPA were measured. In treated compost samples, estrogens were detected at concentrations up to 74.0 ng/g, which indicates a potential risk of estrogens entering the surrounding environment.     

Temporal variations of benthic diatom community and its main influencing factors in a subtropical river, China

Benthic diatoms are the main component in many aquatic ecosystems such as streams, creeks and rivers, and they function as important primary producers and chemical modulators for other organisms in the ecosystems. In this study, the composition of benthic diatoms was investigated and further explored the primary physicals and chemicals affecting their temporal variations in the upper Han River, China. There were seasonal variations in physical and chemical variables in waters over the sampling period of 2007–2010. Water temperature (t), chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), silica and fluoride were much higher in the high flow season (i.e., July or August) than these in the base flow season. Three species Achnanthidium minutissimum (composed of 10.7 % of the total diatom abundance), Achnanthidium pyrenaicum (11.9 %), and Achnanthidium subatomus (12.7 %) accounting for more than 5 % of the total diatom abundance were persistently dominant in all seasons, while the other two prostrate and motile species including Eolimna minima and Nitzschia dissipata also dominant in the base flow season. The species richness always peaked in autumn with significant difference with summer (p?<?0.01), and density of benthic diatom varied and peaked in April. Analyses indicated that the temporal variation in benthic diatom communities was strongly related to t, nitrogen, organic pollutants (indicated by COD and DOC), and hydrological regime. The research will expand the understanding of water chemistry monitoring, and improve watershed- scale management and conservation efforts in the upper Han River, China.     

粉煤灰资源化特性及路面工程应用技术研究

在实验室对粉煤灰的各项技术参数进行了试验研究 ,揭示出粉煤灰的不同成分和形貌对其资源化特性的影响规律 ;初步完成了消除不利于粉煤灰资源化的有害成分---碳的优化实验工作 ;进行了脱炭粉煤灰混凝土配合比等方面的试验研究 ,并在路面修复工程中应用脱炭粉煤灰完成了试验路修筑工作。结果表明 ,将粉煤灰进行脱炭处理 ,应用于混凝土工程可以明显改善混凝土的工作性能 ,实际道路运营和技术性能符合路面工程的要求 ,具有重大的经济效益和环境效益     

县（市）环保执法的现状与对策

概述了目前县（市）环保执法中存在的问题，提出了加强县（市）环保执法的对策。     

乙醛对鱼类毒性的实验研究

介绍了实验室乙醛对鲢鱼幼鱼的急性毒性。试验结果表明,乙醛对鲢鱼幼鱼的急性毒性４８ｈＬＣ５０为１４６１８ｍｇ／Ｌ,其安全浓度为１４６２ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

洛阳市饮用水源地水质安全研究

饮用水源安全是城市安全的基础,对城市的可持续发展起着决定性作用。采用单因子评价和综合评价相结合的方法对洛阳市2005年饮用水源水质24个指标进行评价,结果表明洛阳市地下水水质属于3类。污染较重的因子排序依次为总硬度、硝酸盐、溶解性总固体、铜、镉、阴离子合成洗涤剂、硫酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氰化物、铅。笔者认为,洛阳市只有通过水源地污染防治、生态恢复和建设、应急能力建设、预警监控体系建设、管理能力建设等具体工程方案的制定和实施,加强污染源控制、生态环境保护,提升环境监督管理能力,才能确保饮用水水源地安全。     

环境温度对粉尘爆炸参数的影响

研究了环境温度对萘酐(C10H6O2)粉尘爆炸参数的影响,得到了随着温度的升高,最大爆炸压力峰值变化不大;而最大压力上升速率增大,爆炸下限浓度降低,安全氧含量也会降低.根据化学动力学理论对这一影响进行了分析.