基于支持向量机的山东省水资源承载力评价

选取人均水资源可利用量、水资源利用率、耕地灌溉率、人口密度、生态环境用水率等15个指标构建水资源承载力评价指标体系,并以水资源承载能力指数为评价标准,使用支持向量机方法对2001-2018年山东省及2016年17地市水资源承载力状况进行系统评价.结果 表明:1)2001-2018年山东省水资源承载力指数在0.520～0.627范围内,除2017和2018年处于Ⅱ级外,其余年份均处于Ⅲ级,水资源承载能力较弱;2)工业产值占工农业产值的百分比、人均GDP、农民年均收入和万元工业增加值耗水量为影响山东省水资源承载力的有利因子,人均水资源量、水资源利用率、水功能区水质达标率、供水量模数、森林覆盖率和人口密度则为不利因子;3)2001-2018年山东省水资源承载力指数呈现上升态势,主要因为水功能区水质达标率、恩格尔系数、人均GDP、农民年均收入、万元工业增加值耗水量以及生态环境用水率的向好发展.总体上看,水资源短缺的形势依然不容乐观,今后应在非常规水源利用、水资源利用率提升、生态环境保护等方面采取更加有效的措施予以应对.     

非概率响应面法在起落架结构安全性评估中的应用

由于起落架结构的安全性分析参数多为区间变量,随机分布较难获得,采用传统的概率分析方法受到一定的制约.基于此,针对起落架运营事件的严重度分析,提出了基于区间理论的起落架结构非概率可靠性方法,在只知道不确定参量的界限而不知其分布情况的条件下,即可求得结构的可靠度.以非概率可靠性理论为基础,结合响应面法建立结构的非概率模型,并通过改进的解析方法求解非概率可靠性指标.以某型飞机起落架结构为研究对象,对起落架结构进行数值分析获取建立非概率模型所需的数据样本,进而进行结构的安全性评估.算例分析表明,非概率可靠性方法能够有效评估起落架结构的安全状态,可为飞机结构的运营安全性分析提供参考.     

生理节律对北京市出租车司机驾驶疲劳的影响

为探索生理节律对出租车司机驾驶疲劳的影响,选取具有代表性的15名北京市出租车司机,使用闪光融合频率计、动作稳定器、视觉反应时测试仪3种实验仪器,分实验组和空白组对出租车司机驾驶状态分时段进行多次测试,在数据统计分析基础上对出租车司机疲劳规律进行研究.结果 表明:出租车司机驾驶疲劳主要表现为困倦、身体不适以及倦怠3个方面.8:00司机疲劳程度最低,13:00疲劳特征关键点;7:00 ～13:00疲劳主要因素是生理节律,其显著特征是困倦,而工作方式对疲劳的影响相对较小;13:00 ～ 20:00疲劳的主要因素是工作方式和生理节律,其显著特征是困倦、身体不适和倦怠.     

基于FLUENT的炼钢电炉车间粉尘控制措施优化*

为降低炼钢电炉车间粉尘对作业人员的危害,通过对某钢铁厂电炉车间实际情况为研究背景,利用现场调研与数值模拟对炼钢电炉车间的粉尘空间分布以及粒子运动规律进行分析。在采用FLUENT粒子流场综合计算的理论基础上,利用DPM颗粒运动轨道中的离散运动模型,加载粒子相,并综合计算两相流,最终得到粒子的运动规律。通过分析逃逸扩散粉尘在不同空间分布中的情况以及扩散粉尘颗粒物逃逸率的情况,综合分析对车间环境造成的影响。结果表明:粉尘粒径越小,对气流的跟随性越好,排风口对粉尘的捕集效果越差;集气罩的安装位置距离污染源越近捕集效果越好;集气罩的尺寸越大对粉尘的捕集效果越好。     

城市污水处理厂污泥农用可行性研究与监测方法

在分析城市污水处理厂污泥的组成和性质的基础上,讨论了其用于农业资源化的可行性,污泥通过配比粉煤灰进行堆肥可降低重金属污染物含量,对比国内外污泥农用的监测项目和限制要求,可知在一定气候、地域条件下可达到标准限制要求。     

湖南某地采铀试验工程废水处理工艺设计

通过分析湖南境内某铀矿原地爆破浸出、地表堆浸采铀试验工程工艺流程以及该工程产生的废水源强及性质,介绍了BaCl2-Ca(OH)2中和沉淀法对该股废水处理的可行性及达到的效果。     

Seedling growth and metal accumulation of selected woody species in copper and lead/zinc mine tailings

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of selected woody plants for revegetation in copper (Cu) and lead/zinc (Pb/Zn) mine tailing areas. Five woody species (Amorpha fruticosa Linn, Vitex trifolia Linn: var. simplicifolia Cham, Glochidion puberum (Linn.) Hutch, Broussonetia papyrifera, and Styrax tonkinensis) and one herbaceous species (Sesbania cannabina Pers) were planted in Cu and Pb/Zn tailings to assess their growth, root morphology, nutrition uptake, metal accumulation, and translocation in plants. Amorpha fruticosa maintained normal growth, while the other species demonstrated stress related growth and root development. Sesbania cannabina showed the highest biomass among the plants, although it decreased by 30% in Cu tailings and 40% in Pb/Zn tailings. Calculated tolerance index (TI) values suggested that A. fruticosa, an N-fixing shrub, was the most tolerant species to both tailings (TI values 0.92–1.01), while S. cannabina had a moderate TI of 0.65–0.81 and B. papyrifera was the most sensitive species, especially to Pb/Zn tailings (TI values 0.15–0.19). Despite the high concentrations of heavy metals in the mine tailings and plants roots, only a small transfer of these elements to the aboveground parts of the woody plants was evident from the low translocation factor (TF) values. Among the woody plants, V. trifolia var. simplicifolia had the highest TF values for Zn (1.32), Cu (0.78), and Pb/Zn (0.78). The results suggested that A. fruticosa and S. cannabina, which have the highest tolerance and biomass production, respectively, demonstrated the potential for tailings revegetation in southern China.     

Pretreatment of heterocyclic pesticide wastewater using ultrasonic/ozone combined process

Ultrasonic/O3 combined process was employed to pretreat heterocyclic pesticide wastewater for increasing biodegradability and reducing biological toxicity. Influences of ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power, probe diameter, initial pH and O3 dosage on the COD removal were studied. The results showed that the ultrasonic/O3 process significantly improved the biodegradability and reduced the biological toxicity of the wastewater. The ratio of BOD5/COD was increased from 0.03 to 0.55 and the EC50 increased from 11% to 52% under ultrasonic/O3 treatment. Low ultrasonic frequency brought better COD removal. Initial pH was found to have a high influence on the COD removal and alkaline conditions were more favorable. The influences of ultrasonic power and probe diameter were small. With an increase in O3 dosage, COD removal was e ectively improved. The optimal operational parameters for the combined process on COD removal were ultrasonic frequency 20 kHz, initial pH 9.00, ultrasonic power 300Wand dosage of O3 454.8 mg/(L min), under which the e ciency of COD removal reached 67.2%.     

Fe/Cu-改性沸石预处理焦化废水动力学研究

研究了Fe/Cu双金属微电解和改性沸石联用预处理焦化废水的降解动力学和机理.结果表明,焦化废水COD的降解符合准一级反应.焦化废水中污染物去除的机理包括电化学氧化还原、吸附、絮凝等,其中电化学氧化还原起主要作用.GC/MS分析表明,原水含有机物35种,预处理有机物去除率为71.5％,氮杂环化合物去除率为68.5％,硫杂环化合物去除率为100％.出水利于生化降解.     

好氧颗粒污泥处理青霉素废水研究

青霉素在其生产过中产生大量的废水,其COD值较高,生化性较差,成分复杂,微生物难以降解,其处理技术是世界性难题。文章采用以葡萄糖模拟废水培养的好氧颗粒污泥为接种体,经青霉素废水逐步驯化后,使其完全处理青霉素废水。实验结果表明,应用好氧颗粒污泥技术,处理青霉素废水,COD,NH3-N,TP去除率较高,具有很好的处理效果。