粉料无尘装车机工作原理及其在冶金厂矿的应用

介绍集装车与防尘统一于一体的无尘装车技术及具有设备本质安全化特点的无尘装车机在解决粉状物料装车作业时的扬尘问题,保护作业工人健康,维护厂区环境方面的重要优越性。     

Phytoremediation of the polluted Waigang River and general survey on variation of phytoplankton population

The Waigang River, a major tributary of the Qinhuai River system, has suffered from long-standing pollution because of lack of management. Restoration was commenced in April 2006 to reduce pollutants and improve water quality. Four ecological areas and ten surface carriers were constructed for the culture of plants (mainly water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)) for phytoremediation. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus, total nitrogen (TN), ammonia?Cnitrogen (NH₃?CN), water transparency, and variations in phytoplankton population were investigated to evaluate the effects of restoration. Over 36?months, TSS, COD, TN, and NH₃?CN levels decreased by 91.1, 55.3, 91.5, and 86.5?%, respectively. Transparency increased from 25?cm in 2006 to 165?cm in 2009. Improvements in water quality significantly enhanced the diversity of phytoplankton, which were harmed by pollution stress. Our results show that the water hyacinth and ryegrass cultured in the ecological areas and the surface carriers can be used to restore other heavily polluted rivers with conditions similar to those of the Waigang River, especially in the initial stages of restoration.     

外源螯合剂CA和NTA对苎麻修复铅镉复合污染土壤的影响

采用盆栽实验,研究了在两组铅镉复合污染（Cd（10 mg·kg-1）/Pb（100 mg·kg-1）和Cd（50 mg·kg-1）/Pb（500 mg·kg-1））条件下,不同浓度的柠檬酸（CA）和氮三乙酸（NTA）（0,1,5,10 mmol·kg-1）对苎麻生物量、地上部分丙二醛（MDA）含量和抗氧化酶活性、苎麻各部分对Pb和Cd的积累的影响。结果表明,CA和NTA的应用均能促进苎麻的生长和提高Pb和Cd在苎麻体内积累。CA在促进苎麻生长、增强了苎麻对Cd的吸收和转移方面效果显著,但是,CA对Pb的提取和转移促进效果不显著。NTA促进苎麻对Pb的吸收和转移,并且同样有助于Cd的植物修复。苎麻体内CAT,SOD,POD活性和MDA含量变化表明CA和NTA缓解了Cd和Pb对苎麻的氧化胁迫。因此,外源螯合剂CA和NTA的应用有利于铅镉复合污染土壤的植物修复。     

Stereoisomeric profiling of pharmaceuticals ibuprofen and iopromide in wastewater and river water, China

Stereoisomeric compositions can provide insights into sources, fate, and ecological risks of contaminants in the environment. In this study, stereoisomeric profiles of ibuprofen and iopromide were investigated in wastewater and receiving surface water of the Pearl River Delta, south China. The enantiomeric fraction (EF) of ibuprofen was 0.108–0.188 and 0.480, whereas the isomer ratio (IR) of iopromide was 1.426–1.673 and 1.737–1.898 in the influent and final effluent, respectively, suggesting stereoselective degradation occurred for both pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment. Ibuprofen showed enantioselective degradation in the anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic conditions, whereas iopromide displayed isomer-selective degradation only under the aerobic condition. In the river waters, the EF of ibuprofen was 0.130–0.327 and the IR of iopromide was 1.500–2.531. The results suggested that pharmaceuticals in the mainstream Pearl River were mainly from discharge of treated wastewater, whereas in the tributary rivers and urban canals, direct discharge of untreated wastewater represented a significant contribution. The IR of iopromide can be an applicable and efficient tracer for wastewater discharge in the environment.     

Study on the measurement and the changing trend of the energy use of China’s economic sectors: based on cross-region input-output model

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The consumption of fossil energy is the major cause of environmental pollution. Effectively reducing the fossil energy use has important significance...     

女性与诺贝尔和平奖

自从1908年以来．已有12位女性在诺贝尔和平奖的获奖名单中留下了自己的芳名。她们来自于不同的国家．有着不同的文化背景．但所有的人心中都在呼唤着一个共同的声音——世界和平,她们关注女性与儿童,信仰女权与平等,保护自然环境,也热爱人类的文化遗产。她们的声音是母性的．性格是温柔的,胸怀是博大的,行为是英勇的。     

幽深的蓝色墓穴——龙三角

自20世纪40年代以来,无数臣轮在日本以南空旷清冷的海面上神秘失踪,它们中的大多数在失踪前都没能发出求救讯号,也没有任何线索可以解答它们失踪后的相关命运。如在地图上标出这片海域的范围,它恰恰是一个与百慕大极为相似的三角区域,这就是令人恐惧的日本龙三角.     

土地利用动态变化对地表径流的影响——以上海浦东新区为例

结合基于遥感数据获得的土地利用结果与SCS模型,在GIS环境下模拟了上海浦东新区不同阶段的土地利用/覆被变化对地表径流的影响.结果表明:土地利用结构与格局的变化使地表径流深度趋于增大;同时,在浦东新区城市化的不同时期,由土地利用/覆被变化引起的地表平均径流深度变化也不相同.     

铁屑耦合固相反硝化对低碳氮比废水中总氮的处理

为考察脱氮效率并解决碳源不足导致总氮 (TN) 去除率不高的问题,将竹刨花作为固体碳源与挂膜载体,引入铁屑,构成耦合体系,搭建2套反硝化实验装置 (分别为耦合体系1号与单纯固相反硝化体系2号) 并对脱氮率及微生物进行分析。结果表明：进水TN为41.62~59.95 mg·L⁻¹,COD/N<0.5,水力停留时间为18 h; 13~105 d,1号TN平均去除率为73.21%~92.79%,比2号平均去除率高近1倍;1号碳源相对2号更为充足,但2体系出水COD均值都低于一级A;1号总铁释放稳定,出水总铁均值低于0.3 mg·L⁻¹,未出现NH₃-N明显积累。SEM表征结果显示,1号竹填料表面黏性物质与微生物数量更多,生物膜更加紧密。16S rRNA表征结果显示：1号具有更高的微生物丰度与多样性;2体系反硝化脱氮相关门类占主体,优势门类均为变形菌门,但1号变形菌门占比高于2号;变形菌门中,1号反硝化菌群 (属水平,丰度>1%) 类别和总占比均高于2号。由此可知,铁屑强化了碳源的分解与利用,促进了脱氮功能菌生长,显著提升了耦合体系脱氮效能,出水TN可达到地表水IV类标准(GB 3838-2002)。竹刨花获取方便灵活,铁屑低廉,两者构成的耦合体系具有巨大的实际应用前景。     

超声波对污泥中SCFAs释放影响及作用效应研究

以剩余污泥为研究对象,考察了超声波处理过程中超声时间及声能密度对污泥中短链脂肪酸SCFAs释放的影响及其作用效应。实验结果表明,污泥中SCFAs的释放量随超声时间和声能密度的提高而提高,但当超声能量>270 J/mg MLSS后, SCFAs释放变缓甚至下降;在相同能耗下,长超声时间、低声能密度的超声波处理条件更有利于污泥SCFAs的释放,超声时间影响更显著;污泥中释放的SCFAs以乙酸及丙酸为主。在超声波释放剩余污泥SCFAs过程中自由基效应及热效应皆不显著,机械效应起最主要作用。