Well-to-wheels greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions from battery electric vehicles in China

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - Electric vehicles (EVs) play a crucial role in addressing climate change and urban air quality concerns. China has emerged as the global...     

铁路运输业污水治理系统分析

研究了乌鲁木剂铁路局系统污水治理污染控制方法及途径，提出了主要污染物为石油类，其最佳治理对策是：确定重点污染单位、污染源、用最低的治理投入，选择斜板隔油气浮工艺治理重点污染和次重点污染部门，得到较好的治理效果，否定盲目追求“零排放”的高投入方案。     

NBIAS中污泥龄对脱氮除磷效果的影响

探讨无回流间歇曝气系统 (简称 NBIAS) ,处理城市污水的污泥龄 ( SRT)对脱氮除磷及有机物去除效果的影响。通过原污水流程试验和人工合成污水静态模拟实验 ,试验结果表明 :在水温为 2 0℃～ 30℃ ,污泥负荷为 0 .2 5～0 .45kg CODcr/ kg MLSS· d,SRT为 1 8～ 2 2 d,HRT为 8～ 1 0 h时 ,利用原污水作为碳源 ,NBIAS在保持较高的 CODcr去除率的同时 ,总氮和总磷的去除率均在 80 %以上。     

生物膜填料塔SO2废气净化性能研究

采用生物膜填料塔净化SO2废气,研究结果表明:当气体流量从100L/h增加到300L/h时,SO2净化效率由86.4%下降到73.2%;生化去除量随着入口SO2气体浓度的升高而增大;随着温度的升高,SO2净化效率和生化去除量都随之提高,且20℃以上时,净化效率可达90.9%以上,生化去除量可达75 mg/L·h以上,更利于微生物降解SO2.     

Evaluation of a Watershed Model for Estimating Daily Flow Using Limited Flow Measurements1

Abstract: The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was evaluated for estimation of continuous daily flow based on limited flow measurements in the Upper Oyster Creek (UOC) watershed. SWAT was calibrated against limited measured flow data and then validated. The Nash‐Sutcliffe model Efficiency (NSE) and mean relative error values of daily flow estimations were 0.66 and 15% for calibration, and 0.56 and 4% for validation, respectively. Also, further evaluation of the model’s estimation of flow at multiple locations was conducted with parametric paired t‐test and nonparametric sign test at a 95% confidence level. Among the five main stem stations, four stations were statistically shown to have good agreement between predicted and measured flows. SWAT underestimated the flow of the fifth main stem station possibly because of the existence of complex flood control measures near to the station. SWAT estimated the daily flow at one tributary station well, but with relatively large errors for the other two tributaries. The spatial pattern of predicted flows matched the measured ones well. Overall, it was concluded from the graphical comparisons and statistical analyses of the model results that SWAT was capable of reproducing continuous daily flows based on limited flow data as is the case in the UOC watershed.     

烟气同时脱硫脱氮生物膜填料塔的适用外加碳源

实验分别考察了外加乙酸钠、葡萄糖、酒石酸钾钠、甲醇等4种低分子有机碳源对生物膜填料塔烟气同时脱硫脱氮效率的影响。结果表明,外加乙酸钠的脱氮效果最佳,对NOx的平均去除率为62.05%;外加葡萄糖、酒石酸钾钠、甲醇时的NOx平均去除率分别为51.03%、46.98%、58.71%。乙酸钠、酒石酸钾钠、甲醇均能使SO2的去除率达到100%,葡萄糖显著降低了SO2的去除率。乙酸钠是在生物膜填料塔烟气同时脱硫脱氮技术中适宜的外加碳源。     

Bioanalytical and instrumental analysis of thyroid hormone disrupting compounds in water sources along the Yangtze River

Thyroid hormone (TH) agonist and antagonist activities of water sources along the Yangtze River in China were surveyed by a green monkey kidney fibroblast (CV-1) cell-based TH reporter gene assay. Instrumental analysis was conducted to identify the responsible thyroid-active compounds. Instrumentally derived l-3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T₃) equivalents (T₃-EQs) and thyroid receptor (TR) antagonist activity equivalents referring to dibutyl phthalate (DBP-EQs) were calculated from the concentrations of individual congeners. The reporter gene assay demonstrated that three out of eleven water sources contained TR agonist activity equivalents (TR-EQs), ranging from 286 to 293 ng T₃/L. Anti-thyroid hormone activities were found in all water sources with the TR antagonist activity equivalents referring to DBP (Ant-TR-EQs), ranging from 51.5 to 555.3 μg/L. Comparisons of the equivalents from instrumental and biological assays suggested that high concentrations of DBP and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) were responsible for the observed TR antagonist activities at some locations along the Yangtze River.     

地震滑坡地形剖面线多重分形特征及其在稳定性判别中的应用

"5.12"汶川地震诱发了大量的滑坡和不稳定斜坡体,这些滑坡和不稳定斜坡体的稳定性影响到灾区社会经济发展和灾后重建。地震滑坡的不同稳定性状态孕育了滑坡地形剖面线的演化特征,并且地震滑坡地形剖面线直接地反映了在地震力作用下坡体的演变过程和演化机制。根据实测的汶川地震诱发的滑坡地形剖面线特征,研究了相对稳定滑坡、蠕滑阶段滑坡和不稳定斜坡的地形剖面线的分布特征,以及地震滑坡不同稳定状态下的地形剖面线的多重分形维数演化特征。研究结果表明相对稳定滑坡的多重分形维数演化特征的具有明显的有序性,处于蠕滑状态的滑坡和不稳定斜坡的多重分形维数演化出现明显的特征性拐点。     

饮用水中氧化性物质的危害及处理技术研究进展

氧化性物质作为饮用水中一种特殊污染物已对人体健康产生了危害,如何有效地去除这些物质迫在眉睫。对水中氧化性物质的产生、危害及其处理技术进行总结,详述了物化处理和氢自养生物还原处理技术的原理、特点及国内外的研究进展。     

Energy-saving benefits from plug-in hybrid electric vehicles: perspectives based on real-world measurements

Promoting plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV) is one important option to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants for road transportation sector. In 2015, more than 220,000 new PHEVs were registered across the world, indicating a 25-fold growth during 2011–2015. However, more criticizes have been put forward against the current energy efficiency regulations for vehicles that are mostly depended on laboratory measurements. To better understand the real-world energy-saving and emission mitigation benefits from PHEVs, we conducted on-road testing experiments under various operating conditions for two in-use PHEVs in Beijing, China. Our results indicate that air condition usage, congested traffic conditions, and higher loading mass could significantly increase energy consumption and shorten actual all-electric distance for PHEVs. For example, the worst case (14.1 km) would occur under harshest usage conditions, which is lower by at least 35% than the claimed range over 20 km. In charge sustaining (CS) mode, real-world fuel consumption also presents a large range from 3.5 L/100 km to 6.3 L/100 km because of varying usage conditions. Furthermore, various vehicle users have significantly different travel profiles, which would lead to large heterogeneity of emission mitigation benefits among individual PHEV adopters. Therefore, this study suggests that the global policy makers should use real-world energy efficiency of emerging electrified powertrain techniques as criteria to formulate relevant regulations and supportive policies.