湿润亚热带典型白云岩流域的水文水化学动态特征初步研究——以贵州施秉黄洲河流域为例

利用水文水化学自动监测仪,于2018年5月18日至2018年12月3日期间对地处湿润亚热带季风气候条件下的贵州省施秉世界自然遗产地境内的黄洲河白云岩小流域进行了高时间分辨率的连续监测,目的是为了揭示湿润亚热带季风气候区典型白云岩小流域不同时间尺度与不同降雨强度下水文水化学动态特征。研究获得了黄洲河白云岩小流域的降雨量、出口流量、水温、电导率、pH、方解石及白云石饱和指数、CO_2分压等连续数据。结果表明:(1)黄洲河流域出口河水的pH、电导率、CO_2分压、方解石及白云石饱和指数等指标具有明显的日周期变化规律,即水温、pH、方解石及白云石饱和指数与气温的昼夜周期变化曲线相似,而电导率、CO_2分压与气温的日周期变化曲线相反;(2)黄洲河流域出口河水的水化学指标对不同强度的降雨会产生不同变幅与变化方向的响应特征,暴雨会显著干扰河水水化学指标的日周期变化规律,主要表现在随着降雨强度的增大,电导率与CO_2分压呈现显著下降;(3)白云岩流域具有明显的化学稳态行为。     

浅谈滑雪场建设项目环境影响评价

黑龙江省现有大小滑雪场近百个,由于冬季滑雪旅游不断升温,滑雪场新建、改扩建项目逐年增加.滑雪场类建设项目对环境的影响范围大、因素多、周期长,分析近几年相关项目的环评报告书中存在的问题,文章以哈尔滨某滑雪场改扩建项目环评报告为例,对滑雪场类建项目环境影响评价内容进行了全面分析,指出此类项目的评价重点和应补充完善的内容,重点是项目不同时期的环境影响,即滑雪期、积雪消融期、非滑雪期.     

稻草秆粉基质中白腐菌对三苯甲烷类染料的降解特性

研究了稻草秆粉基质中白腐菌对三苯甲烷类染料(孔雀绿、溴酚蓝和结晶紫)的降解特性.结果表明,白腐菌10 d内对三苯甲烷类染料脱色率均可达到93%以上.染料加入对木素过氧化物酶分泌有抑制作用.随着培养过程的进行,染料脱色率增加,脱色降解以漆酶为主.紫外扫描发现,染料吸收波长有偏移,标志着染料结构发生变化,其中溴酚蓝能被完全矿化.图2表2参10     

京沪高铁(徐州段)铁路噪声对沿线居住小区环境影响的初探

京沪高速铁路即将开工建设,铁路建设首先应遵循可持续发展的原则,而铁路沿线环境噪声污染与防治是高速铁路建设中的一个重要内容,在高速铁路建设过程中,应充分考虑到区域环境噪声的影响,提出噪声防治的措施.本文通过对徐州目前铁路噪声环境影响的分析,简要地介绍了铁路噪声排放的规律以及相应的辐射影响范围,针对京沪高铁建设中应采取的噪声防治措施阐述了自己的观点、主张,籍以本文对于京沪高铁建设中的环境影响做一个初步的探讨.     

New insight into scale inhibition during tea brewing: Ca2+/Mg2+ complexing and alkalinity consumption

Scale not only affects the taste and color of water, but also increases the risks of osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases associated with drinking it. As a popular beverage, tea is rich many substances that have considerable potential for scale inhibition, including protein, tea polyphenols and organic acids. In this study, the effect of tea brewing on scale formation was explored. It was found that the proteins, catechins and organic acids in tea leaves could be released when the green tea was brewed in water with sufficient hardness and alkalinity. The tea-released protein was able to provide carboxyl groups to chelate with calcium ions (Ca²⁺), preventing the Ca²⁺ from reacting with the carbonate ions (CO₃²⁻). The B rings of catechins were another important structure in the complexation of Ca²⁺ and magnesium ions (Mg²⁺). The carboxyl and hydroxyl groups on the organic acids was able to form five-membered chelating rings with Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, resulting in a significant decrease in Ca²⁺ from 100.0 to 60.0 mg/L. Additionally, the hydrogen ions (H⁺) provided by the organic acids consumed and decreased the alkalinity of the water from 250.0 to 131.4 mg/L, leading to a remarkable reduction in pH from 8.93 to 7.73. It further prevented the bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) from producing CO₃²⁻ when the water was heated. The reaction of the tea constituents with the hardness and alkalinity inhibited the formation of scale, leading to a significant decrease in turbidity from 10.6 to 1.4 NTU. Overall, this study provides information to help build towards an understanding of the scale inhibition properties of tea and the prospects of tea for anti-scaling in industrial applications.     

Occurrence, partition behavior, source and ecological risk assessment of nitro-PAHs in the sediment and water of Taige Canal, China

Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) are widespread organic pollutants that possess carcinogenic and mutagenic properties, so they may pose a risk to the environment and human health. In this study, the concentrations of 15 NPAHs and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 30 surface water samples and 26 sediment samples were measured in 2018 from the Taige Canal, one of the main rivers flowing into Taihu Lake, China. The total NPAH concentrations in water and sediment ranged from 14.7 to 235 ng/L and 22.9 to 96.5 ng/g dw, respectively. 9-nitrophenanthrene (nd–76.3 ng/L) was the dominant compound in surface water, while 2+3-nitrofluoranthene (1.73–18.1 ng/g dw) dominated in sediment. Among PAHs, concentration ranging from 1,097 to 2,981 ng/L and 1,089 to 4,489 ng/g dw in surface water and sediment, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between the log octanol-water partition coefficient (K_ow) and log sediment-water partition coefficient due to hydrophobic interaction. The fugacity fraction value increased with the decrease of log K_ow, and chrysene was transferred from water into sediment. The residual NPAHs in surface water and sediment of the Taige Canal have partial correlation. Diesel engine and coal combustion emissions were probably the principal sources of NPAHs in surface water and sediment. The results of ecological risk assessment showed that some NPAHs in water (e.g, 1-nitropyrene and 6-nitrochrysene) and sediment (e.g., 2-nitrobiphenyl, 5-nitroacenaphthene, 9-nitrophenanthrene and 2+3-nitrofluoranthene) had moderate ecological risks, which should be of concern.     

内质网应激在不同钙水平下对母鼠氟暴露后仔鼠脑海马细胞的作用

为探讨内质网应激在不同饲料钙水平下对母鼠氟暴露后仔鼠脑海马细胞的作用,选用SD雌性大鼠75只,雄性大鼠25只,雌鼠随机分为对照组(DZ)、染氟组(RF)、低钙组(LG)、染氟低钙组(LF)和染氟高钙组(HF)。雌鼠染毒3个月,交配产仔,检测胎鼠与14日龄、28日龄仔鼠脑海马内质网应激伴侣分子BIP、CHOP和CRT蛋白表达水平。结果显示,与DZ组比,胎鼠、14日龄仔鼠RF组、LF组BIP、CHOP和CRT蛋白表达均显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(P 0.01),HF组BIP、CHOP和CRT蛋白表达均升高,差异具有统计学意义(P 0.05),28日龄仔鼠RF组BIP、CHOP蛋白表达显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(P 0.01),CRT蛋白表达升高,差异具有统计学意义(P 0.05),LF组BIP、CHOP和CRT蛋白表达均显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(P 0.01),HF组BIP、CHOP和CRT蛋白表达均显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(P 0.05)。与RF组比,胎鼠与14日龄、28日龄仔鼠LF组BIP、CHOP和CRT蛋白表达水平升高,差异具有统计学意义(P 0.01),胎鼠、14日龄仔鼠HF组BIP、CHOP和CRT蛋白表达水平下降,差异具有统计学意义(P 0.05),28日龄仔鼠BIP、CHOP蛋白表达水平下降,差异具有统计学意义(P 0.05)。研究表明,内质网应激可能参与了母鼠氟暴露致仔鼠脑损伤,高钙饲料可缓解母鼠氟暴露致仔鼠脑海马神经细胞的损伤,低钙饲料则进一步加剧了母鼠氟暴露致仔鼠脑海马神经细胞损伤。     

河蚬在我国沉积物毒性评价与鉴定中的应用研究

河蚬作为原产并广泛分布于我国及东南亚的双壳类淡水软体动物,是我国众多水域的底栖优势种。河蚬对水体污染物具有较强累积能力,已成功用于水体沉积物生物富集及生物毒性效应研究。但应用于沉积物毒性鉴别评估(TIE)研究整体上仍处于起步阶段,尚未形成一套标准指标测定方法和技术体系。为此,本研究在调查底栖生物在我国沉积物毒性研究的基础上,以河蚬为主要研究对象,探讨其在我国生态分布等生物学背景,系统分析其对重金属和有机污染物的生物富集特征以及相关生物毒性效应方面的研究进展,以期为河蚬作为我国特色的沉积物毒性鉴别评估(TIE)受试生物提供参考依据。