Associations of bisphenol exposure with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a nested case–control study in Guangxi,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A growing number of epidemiologic studies have estimated the associations between endocrine-disrupting chemicals and gestational diabetes mellitus...     

Hexachlorobutadiene emissions from typical chemical plants

• Unintentional HCBD production in typical chemical plants was investigated. • The highest HCBD concentrations were found in the bottom residue. • Tri/tetrachloroethylene production processes were important HCBD sources. Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) was classed as a persistent organic pollutant under the Stockholm Convention in 2015. HCBD is mainly an unintentionally produced by-product of chlorinated hydrocarbon (e.g., trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene) synthesis. Few studies of HCBD formation during chemical production processes have been performed, so HCBD emissions from these potentially important sources are not understood. In this study, HCBD concentrations in raw materials, intermediate products, products, and bottom residues from chemical plants producing chlorobenzene, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene were determined. The results indicated that HCBD is unintentionally produced at much higher concentrations in trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene plants than chlorobenzene plants. The sum of the HCBD concentrations in the samples from all of the trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene production stages in plant PC was 247000 mg/mL, about three orders of magnitude higher than the concentrations in the tetrachloroethylene production samples (plant PB) and about six orders of magnitude higher than the concentrations in the chlorobenzene production samples (plant PA). The HCBD concentrations were highest in bottom residues from all of the plants. The concentrations in the bottom residue samples contributed 24%–99% of the total HCBD formed in the chemical production plants. The bottom residue, being hazardous waste, could be disposed of by incineration. The HCBD concentrations were much higher in intermediate products than raw materials, indicating that HCBD formed during production of the intended chemicals. The results indicate the concentrations of HCBD unintentionally produced in typical chemical plants and will be useful in developing protocols for controlling HCBD emissions to meet the Stockholm Convention requirements.     

关于我国北方沙化农牧混合区的可持续发展问题

东起柯尔沁草地南缘,西至鄂尔多斯台地南缘的北方沙化农牧混和地带,正在面临着草地沙漠化的严峻挑战。本文从如下角度分析了影响该地区可持续发展的因素:农—林—牧的资源配置,农民对沙地草地改良技术的消极态度及背后隐藏的理性原因,经济政策和市场机制,土地的制度安排,农民在治理沙化草地中的潜在作用等。然后,得出了基本的结论和建议。     

关于煤粉工业锅炉的技术分析与政策思考

在技术进步和政策的推动下,煤粉工业锅炉的应用正在形成高潮,但存在技术上的不实宣传和推广政策偏向问题。为使该技术能健康和可持续地发展,本文针对该锅炉的效率、污染物排放、制粉配送、风险和经济效益以及推广政策等方面,做了较深入的研究。研究认为该锅炉有高效节煤、SO2和NOx排放总量下降、集中配送煤粉和锅炉房干净等优点,值得推广;但因粉尘排放总量和浓度上升,综合环保效果处于劣势,同时存在电耗较大、煤源要求苛刻、煤粉储运和使用有风险,及经济效益不确定等问题,因此必须根据全面的技术、环境和经济评价,因地制宜地推广。建议政府采取具体措施,如资助布局优质煤粉供应点,以节能减排实效为资助的依据,鼓励专业锅炉制造厂参与研发和竞争,制定地方和国家有关煤粉工业锅炉的制造、用煤和污染物排放等标准,使该技术不断完善,可持续地发展。     

食品工业废渣以发酵技术生产菌体蛋白饲料的研究

为了将食品工业废渣中可被微生物利用的营养物质构成蛋白质的微生物菌体,采用以固态发酵法生产蛋白饲料。试验结果表明,通过组合菌株,在2t规模的发酵池里进行连续培养,较佳的控制工艺条件是：培养温度30℃,培养基初始水份65％,培养时间80h,产品的菌体蛋白达到了30％以上,粗纤维含量下降60％以下,废渣中灰分降低了30％以上,钙和磷分别提高了70％和205倍,并含有丰富的纤维素酶,提高了食品工业废渣的利用价值。     

废晶硅太阳能电池资源化分类回收技术研究

晶硅太阳能电池报废后将会产生大量固体废弃物。采用不同浓度盐酸、硝酸和硝酸-氢氟酸混酸分步回收废晶硅太阳能电池中的铝、银和硅,得到了室温下废晶硅太阳能电池资源化回收技术的最佳参数:经20%(体积分数,下同)盐酸反应40min,铝浸出率为99.77%;经35%硝酸反应30 min,银浸出率为99.60%;经40%硝酸-6%氢氟酸混酸反应75 min,硅回收率为85.51%。     

光辐照TiO2层柱粘土处理有机废水的研究

主要介绍了TiO2层柱粘土的制备方法,及用光辐照TiO2层柱粘土处理有机废水的机理、影响因素和提高TiO2层柱粘土光催化剂活性的途径;介绍了TiO2层柱粘土光催化剂的失活和再生.认为用光辐照TiO2层柱粘土处理有机废水是一种无污染而有效的方法,能有效解决目前废水处理过程中存在的许多问题.     

强化混凝-光电氧化组合工艺深度处理垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液

采用强化混凝-光电氧化组合工艺对北京某垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液进行处理。探讨了不同混凝剂投加量、电流密度和反应时间对COD去除率的影响,并考察了溶解性有机物的分子量和结构在本工艺中的变化。结果表明:同时投加Ca(OH)2、Fe2(SO4)3和PAM混凝后,COD去除率为28.00%,含量由4 700 mg/L降低到3 384 mg/L;同时投加KMnO4、Fe2(SO4)3和PAM进行二次混凝,COD去除率为60.20%,含量为1 870 mg/L;混凝后水样在电流密度为400A/m2,经3 h光电氧化后,COD去除率为86.20%,含量为650 mg/L。本工艺将垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液中部分大分子量有机物降解为小分子量有机物;光电氧化后,有机物结构被迅速破坏。