多环芳烃的几种理化参数与LC_(50)的相关性研究

对多环芳烃(PAHS)4种理化参数(K;W、Sw。X Vv。)与 LCO的相关关系进行了研究,建立了 4种一元线性回归方程。结果表明,4种参数的相关系数分别为:0.刀66、08083、09488、0.9570,经r检验,后两种属高度显著相关.用所建立的一元线性回归方程对7种PAHS的LC。进行估算,估算值与实测值相比,平均相对误差分别为58.84％、32.23％、1761％、198％,用l和V＊.H对LClj进行估算的估算精度也较高。经比较,提出用(。估算P＊比对麦穗鱼＊CO的新方法。     

蔬菜样品的H_2SO_4-H_2O_2快速消化方法

本文报道了使用硫酸 -过氧化氢对蔬菜样品进行快速消化的方法。其消化时间比常规消化方法大为缩短。重金属元素镉、铬、铜、镍、锌含量测定的结果 ,与用常规消化方法 (硝酸 -高氯酸 )相吻合。     

京津地区大气微生物本底研究

大气微生物包括细菌、霉菌、放线菌、病毒等。从环境保护角度看,它们是空气污染物,有些细菌和霉菌能使人、动物、植物致病,很多细菌和霉菌使工农业原料和产品腐败霉烂。因此,大气微生物是一个值得重视的环境问题。 大气微生物是气挟微生物,随着气流的流动而飘移,其来源复杂,在研究其问题和规律性时就存在着一定的困难。对大气微生物的研究可以追溯到十七世纪,但在本世纪以来,特别是近几十年,很多国家如美国、法国、英国、印度、瑞典、日本和我国等都开展了研究。1978年在慕尼黑召开了第一届国际大     

大气污染物垂直梯度自动监测系统的研制

设计的大气污染物垂直梯度自动监测系统是用 2个电磁阀实现 3个高度的气体采样 ,依靠分析仪器自身的抽气泵将气体样品通过聚四氟乙烯管抽入各分析仪器进行测量 ,并用一台微机和一块 AD/DA转换板实施对电磁阀的控制和数据采集 .现场观测实验表明 ,对于 25m长的采样管清洗时间可设置 1 min,而采样管长度间的差异不会导致测量 O₃、SO₂、NO和 NO₂ 小时平均浓度存在显著性差异 .     

城市模化垃圾焚烧烟气中二氧化硫的生态特性

对模化广州市城市生活垃圾进行焚烧处理 ,从燃烧温度、炉内停留时间、过量空气系数以及垃圾尺寸等方面研究了 SO2 的生成特性和控制条件。     

用密切值法评价沙湾荒漠区生态环境质量

利用多目标决策中的密切值法进行沙湾荒漠区生态环境综合评价。该方法简便、适用、且分辨率较高，对各监测点群的定量描述符合实际状况。     

Influence of root-exudates concentration on pyrene degradation and soil microbial characteristics in pyrene contaminated soil

The effect of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) root-exudates concentration on pyrene degradation and the microbial ecological characteristics in the pyrene contaminated soil was investigated by simulating a gradually reducing concentration of root exudates with the distance away from root surface in the rhizosphere. Results showed that, after the root-exudates were added 15 d, the pyrene residue in contaminated soil responded nonlinearly in the soils with the same pyrene contaminated level as the added root-exudates concentration increased, which decreased first and increased latter with the increase of the added root-exudates concentration. The lowest pyrene concentration appeared when the root exudates concentration of 32.75 mg kg(-1) total organic carbon (TOC) was added. At the same time, changes of microbial biomass carbon (MBC, C(mic)) and microbial quotient (C(mic)/C(org)) were opposite to the trend of pyrene degradation as the added root-exudates concentration increased. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis revealed that bacteria was the dominating microbial community in pyrene contaminated soil, and the changing trends of pyrene degradation and bacteria number were the same. The changing trend of endoenzyme-dehydrogenase activity was in accordance with that of soil microbe, indicating which could reflect the quantitative characteristic of detoxification to pyrene by soil microbe. The changes in the soils microbial community and corresponding microbial biochemistry characteristics were the ecological mechanism influencing pyrene degradation with increasing concentration of the added root-exudates in the pyrene contaminated soil.     

Comparison of homologous and heterologous formats in nanocolloidal gold-based immunoassays for parathion residue determination

The effectiveness of homologous and heterologous formats in a nanocolloidal gold-based immunoassay for pesticide residue determination was investigated. Parathion, one of the most toxic organophosphorus pesticides, was used as the target analyte. One-step homologous and heterologous test strips based on a nanocolloidal gold-labeled monoclonal antibody were developed for the rapid detection of parathion residues. The results showed that the heterologous format was more effective than the homologous format, being more sensitive, more specific to parathion and more tolerant of matrix interferences. The best competitive hapten was found to have a moderate heterology and the opposite electronic distribution to the immunizing hapten. The detection limits for parathion using the preferred heterologous strip were 1 μg/L in water samples and 5 μg/kg in soil and food samples.     

Ti/BDD/PbO_2复合电极在化学需氧量测定中的应用

以钛基掺硼金刚石为基体,采用电沉积的方法制备了Ti/BDD/PbO2复合电极,并将其用于化学需氧量（COD）的测定。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射谱图（XRD）表征了电极的微观形貌及结构,采用电化学工作站考察了电极对有机物响应特性。实验结果表明,在1.45 V的低电位条件下,线性范围为0.5～175 mg/L,检测限为0.3 mg/L（S/N=3）。采用Ti/BDD/PbO2复合电极测定法和重铬酸钾标准方法对市政污水、食品废水及印染废水的对比结果表明,2种方法的相对误差小于10%,具有良好的一致性。     

An observational study of the HONO–NO2 coupling at an urban site in Guangzhou City,South China

The temporal behavior of HONO and NO₂ was investigated at an urban site in Guangzhou city, China, by means of a DOAS system during the Pearl River Delta 2006 intensive campaign from 10 to 24 July 2006. Within the whole measurement period, unexpected high HONO mixing ratios up to 2 ppb were observed even during the day. A nocturnal maximum concentration of about 8.43 ± 0.4 ppb was detected on the night of 24 July 2006. Combining the data simultaneously observed by different instruments, the coupling of HONO–NO₂ and the possible formation sources of HONO are discussed. During the measurement period, concentration ratios of HONO to NO₂ ranged from (0.03 ± 0.1) to (0.37 ± 0.09), which is significantly higher than previously reported values (0.01–0.1). Surprisingly, in most cases a strong daytime correlation between HONO and NO₂ was found, contrary to previous observations in China. Aerosol was found to have a minor impact on HONO formation during the whole measurement period. Using a pseudo steady state approach for interpreting the nocturnal conversion of NO₂ to HONO suggests a non-negligible role of the relative humidity for the heterogeneous HONO formation from NO₂.