Microbial community composition and electricity generation in cattle manure slurry treatment using microbial fuel cells: effects of inoculum addition

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a sustainable technology to treat cattle manure slurry (CMS) for converting chemical energy to bioelectricity. In this...     

城市生活垃圾处理方式生命周期评价的比较研究

生命周期评价理论与方法作为一种量化环境影响的工具,在诸多领域中得到了广泛的应用。在垃圾处理领域,生命周期评价最早在20世纪90年代得到应用。生命周期评价与城市生活垃圾处理的有效结合,将促进城市生活垃圾的减量化、资源化、无害化目标的实现。总结了生命周期评价理论与方法在城市生活垃圾处理中的应用现状。对国内不同城市生活垃圾处理方式环境影响因子进行比较分析,诸如全球变暖潜力、酸化潜力和富营养化潜力等因子。针对其目标范围定义、数据收集、评价方法的选择、结果解释及工艺改进等方面指出了目前研究的局限性和不足。并对未来城市生活垃圾处理生命周期评价的发展方向进行展望。     

铜绿微囊藻胁迫对宽叶香蒲叶片光呼吸特性的影响

采用共生培养的实验方法,通过追踪测定宽叶香蒲(Typha latifolia)叶片中叶绿素含量、净光合速率、光呼吸速率及乙醇酸氧化酶(GO)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,研究不同初始密度铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)对宽叶香蒲叶片光呼吸特性的影响。结果表明,铜绿微囊藻初始密度为1.0×104ind/m L时,宽叶香蒲叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、光呼吸速率及GO、GS及CAT的活性增加,说明低密度铜绿微囊藻对宽叶香蒲叶片的光合作用及光呼吸具有促进作用;铜绿微囊藻初始密度为1.0×107ind/m L时,宽叶香蒲叶片净光合速率、光呼吸速率及GO、GS及CAT的活性呈现先增加后降低的趋势,表明经过一段时间培养后,高密度铜绿微囊藻对宽叶香蒲叶片的光合作用和光呼吸呈现出抑制作用。但是在净光合速率急剧降低的时候,光呼吸速率在短时间内仍然维持在一个较高水平,说明宽叶香蒲可能通过维持或增强光呼吸在一定程度上抵抗逆境胁迫。     

Changes in the heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbon contents in seawater and surface sediment in the year following artificial reef construction in the Pearl River Estuary,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Marine pollution is an important driver of ocean biodiversity loss, which can be mitigated by the construction of artificial reefs (ARs). Many studies...     

湿地生态地球化学研究进展

湿地生态地球化学研究是湿地研究的核心内容之一, 是研究其物理过程、化学过程和生物过程及其相互关系以及这些过程与湿地功能的关系.回顾了近年来国内外湿地生态地球化学方面的研究成果,介绍了它的概念,并评述了湿地的生态功能、元素地球化学、生物地球化学、湿地模型和3S技术等新技术在湿地研究中的应用等方面的研究进展.提出了中国湿地生态地球化学研究的优先领域,应加强湿地基础理论研究及在湿地的演化、生态过程、界面过程、预测与评价、信息系统等方面的研究.     

Complexes of fulvic acid on the surface of hematite, goethite, and akaganeite: FTIR observation

The present work extended our knowledge on the binding and complexation of a fulvic acid (FA) derived from leonardite and the iron oxides (hematite, goethite and akaganeite) by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). As a prerequisite, the iron oxides were firstly prepared and characterized by transmission electron micrograph (TEM). All iron phases were single and well-described crystalloid. The FTIR data obtained by two different sampling preparation methods gave the consisting evidences that under our experimental conditions the interaction mechanism was to the ligand-exchange involving carboxylic functional groups of the FA and the surfaces sites of both hematite and goethite, while no complexation can be evidenced in the case of akaganeite, only surface adsorption. In general, the binding affinities of the iron oxides with the FA was in the order of hematite>goethite>akaganeite. The present method, although associated with some uncertainties, provided an opportunity to increase the knowledge in the field of the humic chemistry.     

生态农业园区废弃物资源化处理利用研究

本文介绍了蟹岛生态园区农业废气物及生活污水的资源化处理工艺方案 ,通过对沼气池和生活污水厌氧 -好氧 -生态塘处理系统进行综合设计 ,实现了节能环保和废弃物无害化综合处理利用。形成了种植业、养殖业、肥料加工、能源利用和休闲度假有机结合的生态农业经济 ,为实现农村经济可持续发展提供了一种新模式     

Gas- and particulate-phase specific tracer and toxic organic compounds in environmental tobacco smoke

Cigarette smoke constituents are worthy of concern and characterized as carcinogens. Different experiment conditions may affect the environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) constituents. A study was undertaken in a 75.5-m3 spare office to evaluate ETS constituents in a real environment. Thirty-four volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including three ETS tracers: nicotine, 2,5-dimethylfuran and 3-ethenylpyridine (3-EP), 19 carbonyl compounds, 54 semi-volatile compounds (24 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 30 alkanes) as well as CO and total particulate matter (TPM) from 15 leading commercial brands were determined. ETS constituents did not increase with increasing cigarette tar. ETS tracers nicotine and 3-EP were affected greatly due to more sorption and surface reactions in real world compared to other studies conducted in chamber, which resulted in 2-5 times lower. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, acrolein, 2-butanone and the high molecular weight compounds exhibited little affect. Pearson correlation analyses show that gas-phase and particulate-phase ETS tracers did not show significant correlation, but within each homologue many of compounds correlated significantly. Indole and cholesta-3,5-diene were also detected in ETS. These results may be useful in efforts to better understand the health effect of ETS exposure and source apportionment.