环境空气污染预报及其意义

由我国在１３个重点城市开展环境空气污染周报出发，综述国内外环境空气污染预报的情况，指出环境空气污染预报的三方面重要意义。     

南太平洋社会群岛塔希提岛(TAHITI)火山岩——一种典型的大洋岛屿玄武岩

塔希提岛火山岩属典型的大洋岛屿玄武岩(OIB)。该岛是法属波利尼西亚群岛中社会群岛链之一部分,火山活动可分三期:早期(1.7—1.3Ma),中期(1.3—0.6Ma)和晚期(0.6—0.3Ma)。早期火山岩兼有碱性和拉斑系列岩石,包括苦橄玄武岩、碱性玄武岩、拉斑玄武岩及少量玄武安山岩;中期火山岩主要有粗面玄武岩—粗面岩、碱性玄武岩和少量碧玄岩;晚期则以碧玄岩为主,并有部分碱玄岩出现。火山岩的这种岩性变化表明其岩浆由早到晚从富镁、硅弱不饱和向富碱和硅强烈不饱和演化。 社会群岛火山链的火山活动以平均11cm/a的速率从西北向东南迁移,与MORB相比,所有塔希提的岩石皆富大离子亲石元素并有较高的~(87)Sr/~(66)Sr比值,这一特征可能与其特殊的源区成分有关,即富集的地幔热柱或大洋岩石圈。早期岩石是地幔热柱和少量洋壳的部分熔融产物的混合体,故既有拉斑系列又有碱性系列。随着火山活动远离存在热柱的热点区域,洋壳部分熔融的程度逐渐降低,因而其产生的熔融体也越来越富碱,~(87)Sr/~(66)Sr比值也相应有所降低。     

垃圾渗滤液的混疑处理实验研究

用聚合氯化铝(PAC)．聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)．复合混凝剂(90％PAC 10％PAM)及试剂A(一种壳聚糖)等4种混凝剂在不同pH及不同投加量的情况下．对垃圾渗滤液COD的去除效果进行了比较分析。实验结果表明。复合混凝剂及试剂A的处理效果明显优于PACPAM。在pH值5.5和8时。复合混凝剂投加量为400mg／L时。COD的去除率分别为38．63％和37．84％：试剂A在pH为8．投加量为100mg／L时。对COD的去除率达到39．85％。     

炼油装置运行周期评估技术及应用

炼油装置运行周期评估技术通过统计、分析装置故障数据,计算特定时间段装置的可靠性,进而获得装置可靠性随时间的变化规律和装置可靠性最差设备排序。介绍了该技术在某常减压装置的应用,应用结果表明,该评估技术为科学确定炼油装置运行周期提供了决策依据。     

长春市水资源可持续发展研究对策

在对长春市水资源概况及其开发利用现状进行简要分析的基础上，指出长春市水资源开发利用中的一些问题，并提出了水资源优化配置、建立水市场机制、加强节约用水、发展污水回收再利用等近远期水资源可持续利用对策。     

Enhanced removal of high-As(Ⅲ) from Cl(-Ⅰ)-diluted SO4(-Ⅱ)-rich wastewater at pH 2.3 via mixed tooeleite and(Cl(-Ⅰ)-free) ferric arsenite hydroxychloride formation

An advanced cost-saving method of removal of high-As(Ⅲ) from SO₄(-Ⅱ)-rich metallurgi cal wastewater has been developed by diluting the SO₄(-Ⅱ) content with As(Ⅲ)-Cl(-Ⅰ)-rich metallurgical wastewater and then by the direct precipitation of As(Ⅲ) with Fe(Ⅲ) at pH2.3.As(Ⅲ) removal at various SO₄(-Ⅱ)/Cl(-Ⅰ) molar ratios and temperatures was investigated The results showed that 65.2–98.2%of As(III) immobilization into solids occurred at the SO₄(Ⅱ)/Cl(-Ⅰ) mo...     

Decomplexation of Cu-1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid by a three-dimensional electrolysis system with activated biochar as particle electrodes

The feasibility of decomplexation removal of typical contaminants in electroplating wastewater, complexed Cu(II) with 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (Cu-HEDP), was first performed by a three-dimensional electric reactor with activated biochar as particle electrodes. For the case of 50 mg/L Cu-HEDP, Cu(II) removal (90.7%) and PO initial pH 7, acid-treated almond shell biochar (AASB) addition 20 g/L, and reaction time 180 min, with second-order rate constants of 1.10 × 10⁻³ and 1.94 × 10⁻⁵ min⁻¹respectively. The growing chelating effect between Cu(II) and HEDP and the comprehensive actions of adsorptive accumulation, direct and indirect oxidation given by particle electrodes accounted for the enhanced removal of Cu-HEDP, even though the mineralization of HEDP was mainly dependent on anode oxidation. The performance attenuation of AASB particle electrodes was ascribed to the excessive consumption of oxygen-containing functionalities during the reaction, especially acidic carboxylic groups and quinones on particle electrodes, which decreased from 446.74 to 291.48 µmol/g, and 377.55 to 247.71 µmol/g, respectively. Based on the determination of adsorption behavior and indirect electrochemical oxidation mediated by in situ electrogenerated H₂O₂ and reactive oxygen species (e.g., •OH), a possible removal mechanism of Cu-HEDP by three-dimensional electrolysis was further proposed.     

汽油清净剂的研究应用及进展

随着环保要求的日趋严格及汽车工业的发展创新，开展汽油清净剂的研究和应用工作已势在必行。本文介绍了国内外汽油清净剂的发展过程、应用现状，同时还介绍了将清净分散剂、抗氧防腐剂、减磨剂、防锈剂等添加剂复合而成的汽油清净剂的研制情况。实验结果表明：该剂具有抑制和清除发动机燃燃油系统沉积物的性能，达到国外第三代同类产品的水平。     

安太堡露天矿南排土场滑体植被治理技术

论述了安太堡矿南排土场滑体整治模式,通过植被减少滑体侵蚀及水土流失,改善了滑体的生态景观,对滑体安全起到了良好作用。     

几种稳定度分类法的比较研究

文章利用北京市北郊气象塔的观测资料对六种不同的稳定度分类法进行比较,并探讨其在城郊环境中的适用性.