煤矿危险源分类分级与预警

关于危险源概念目前尚无准确的理论界定,为此,笔者试图阐明危险源分为固有型危险源和触发型危险源的新观点,提出并说明了对不同类型危险源应采用的不同的辩识与分级方法。在此基础上,结合企业实际,提出了危险源预警思想和模块设计方法。所有这些,对完善安全管理理论,提高煤矿安全管理水平具有理论意义和实用价值     

南京理工大学高压实验室及其研制高压水射流切割机

南京理工大学高压实验室自８０年代初建立以来，在高压容器及武器发射管的自紧理论和工程应用、高压零部件研制、高压传感器和信号放大显示系统、高压介质等方面做了大量的工作。９３年以来，进行了水射流切割机的研制工作，解决了超高压缸体的动态密封、高压缸体的自增强、无触点式换向传感器、内衬不锈钢组合型高压容器等诸多问题，试制成功了水射流切割机样机。     

小型景观湖水质模拟及应用研究

由于小型景观水体的体量和再生水补水措施的施行,其水质随环境和入水水质的变化和富营养化过程较大型水体快。由EFDC模型和WASP模型耦合建立小型浅水景观湖生态动力学模型,用实测水质数据进行参数率定与验证,可实现小型景观水体水质变化趋势的模拟,为水质管理提供决策支持。在此基础上,对民主湖在几种水质保障方案下1年的水质变化进行了模拟预测和对比,结果表明,作为富营养化程度表征的叶绿素a在空间和时间分布上均存在一定的规律性,夏季由于温度升高,叶绿素a浓度较高,说明藻类等浮游植物迅速增殖,是水质恶化水华暴发的高发期,而采取加大湖水水力循环和改善入口水质的控制方案,可使水质得到良好保障。     

Fourier transform infrared and fluorescence spectral features of organic matter in conventional and organic dairy manure

Organic dairy production has exhibited potential for growth in the United States dairy sector. However, little information is available on whether there is any difference in manure composition and quality between organic (OD) and conventional (CD) dairy manure even though the composition and quality are important parameters with respect to availability, utilization, and cycling of manure nutrients and environmental impact evaluation. We comparatively characterized whole and water-extracted materials of 15 OD and seven CD dairy manure samples by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and fluorescence spectroscopies. Fourier transform infrared features of manure organic matter varied mainly in the 1650 to 1550 cm range, reflecting the presence of different N compounds in these manure samples. Fluorescence data revealed five fluorophore components present in the water-extracted organic matter from the manures. We found no clearly distinct value ranges in whole and water-extractable organic matter between the two types of dairy manure with respect to C and N contents and FT-IR and fluorescence spectral features. However, based on the average values, we observed general pattern differences on the effect of organic farming on the manure composition: OD contained less soluble C and N compounds on dry weight basis but more hydrophobic aliphatic groups in whole manure. The soluble organic matter in OD samples contained more stable humic- and lignin-related components and less amino/protein N-related components based on their spectroscopic features. These differences might be attributed to more forage feedstuffs in organic dairy farming management and more protein additives in conventional dairy feedstuffs. Information from this work may be useful in aiding organic dairy farmers in making manure management decisions.     

利用废铁屑处理含铬废水试验研究

通过研究在酸性条件下利用废铁屑处理剧毒的六价铬电镀废水的工艺条件 ,在最佳条件下废水中六价铬去除率达99 %以上 ,出水总铬含量为0.040mg/l,六价铬含量为0.002mg/l,大大低于国家排放标准0.500mg/l。     

基于土壤流失的农业面源TN和TP排海系数估算

以黄河三角洲为典型研究区,通过分析区域地表污染物流失风险与入海通量的关系,构建了海岸带农业总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）面源污染排海估算模型.在此基础上,计算了包含水田、水浇地和旱地等耕地类的TN和TP面源污染排海系数,验证表明输出系数估算结果较好.研究区耕地的TN和TP排海系数分别为18.33 kg·（hm²·a）^-1和1.02 kg·（hm²·a）^-1,在夏季面源污染负荷较高.子流域尺度较大的耕地类农业面源污染负荷主要位于支脉河、广利河和小岛河管控区域.TN和TP总负荷较大的行政区主要位于北部黄河口镇和永安镇;较大的单位面积负荷在西南部.因此,需要关注农业面源污染的时间效应,同时协调社会经济发展,从子流域和行政单元的角度制定综合性面源污染防控策略,陆海统筹治理海域污染.     

城市生活垃圾焚烧灰渣及其性质分析

2002年，上海有2座生活垃圾焚烧厂将点火运动。每年将产生约18万t左右的焚烧灰渣。在决定灰渣的最终处理处置方案前，应对焚烧灰渣的性质有全面的了解。详细介绍了国外城市生活垃圾焚烧灰渣甚至生位置的不同分类，并介绍了各类灰渣的物理化学性质和工程性质，以及其重金属的浸出特征。对灰渣处理放置或有效利用时需注意的问题作了分析。     

白腐真菌降解造纸废水的规律研究

在白腐真菌降解造纸废水的基础上，建立降解反应模型并推导出降解参数方程，并对其进行分析。     

Improve Compliance with Limited Resources by a Three-Group Inspection Regime

Frequent monitoring and relatively high fines are usually necessary to bring about improvements in environmental quality, but more challenging for many countries with limited human, material, and financial resources is to put them into practice. This paper developed a three-group model of a state-dependent enforcement in a repeated game to improve the policy implementation under limited inspection capacities. A certain number of firms are grouped (group 1, group 2, group 3) for different supervision intensity (e.g., the order of inspection probability corresponding to each group is p ₁?<?p ₂?<?p ₃) based on their environmental performance. The optimal policy parameters, such as inspection probability of each group and the probability that a firm found in compliance is moved to a better reputation group, were obtained as the basis for regulator’s policy making. Numerical simulations indicated that the three-group inspection regime can significantly increase compliance rate as compared with static enforcement with the same monitoring probability. Among the number of firms in each group under steady state conditions, group 2 had the most, group 1 was the second, and group 3 had the smallest. Analysis and prediction of a three-group reputation example provided a good experiment for the model. The results give a practical reference for the policy makers with inspection capacity constraints to achieve higher compliance rate.     

Antimony leaching release from brake pads: Effect of pH,temperature and organic acids

Metals from automotive brake pads pollute water, soils and the ambient air. The environmental effect on water of antimony (Sb) contained in brake pads has been largely untested. The content of Sb in one abandoned brake pad reached up to 1.62 × 10⁴ mg/kg. Effects of initial pH, temperature and four organic acids (acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid and humic acid) on Sb release from brake pads were studied using batch reactors. Approximately 30% (97 mg/L) of the total Sb contained in the brake pads was released in alkaline aqueous solution and at higher temperature after 30 days of leaching. The organic acids tested restrained Sb release, especially acetic acid and oxalic acid. The pH-dependent concentration change of Sb in aqueous solution was best fitted by a logarithmic function. In addition, Sb contained in topsoil from land where brake pads were discarded (average 9 × 10³ mg/kg) was 3000 times that in uncontaminated soils (2.7 ± 1 mg/kg) in the same areas. Because potentially high amounts of Sb may be released from brake pads, it is important that producers and environmental authorities take precautions.