电催化氧化技术处理含盐有机废水研究进展

介绍了电催化氧化技术在实际工业废水处理中的优势,对其反应原理进行了概述。总结了电催化氧化技术在石油、制药、造纸行业废水和含氨氮类有机废水处理中的研究进展,指出：电催化氧化技术未来的主要研究方向为研发新型电催化阳极材料;开发高效电解反应器;探索电催化氧化技术与其他处理工艺组合联用。     

膜法处理精对苯二甲酸精制废水

采用“沉淀—超滤—反渗透—电去离子”工艺处理精对苯二甲酸精制废水,产水作为生产工艺用水回用于生产系统,考察了各工艺单元的操作条件。实验结果表明,在沉淀时间为4 h、超滤膜截留分子量为1 000且采用错流过滤模式、反渗透运行压力为1.8~2.2 MPa且温度控制在25~30 ℃、电去离子单元出水电阻率为5 MΩ·cm的操作条件下,最终出水水质优于GB/T 50109—2014《工业用水软化除盐设计规范》中的二级除盐水指标,可回用为生产工艺用水。     

渗透汽化复合膜分离废水中的低浓度甲醇

采用两种商品化渗透汽化复合膜--GKSS-GS膜和PDMS-P膜分离模拟低浓度甲醇废水,考察了操作温度、甲醇质量分数、废水流量对膜渗透汽化性能的影响.实验结果表明:随温度升高、废水中甲醇质量分数的增大,两种膜的渗透通量都呈增加趋势;GKSS-GS膜的分离系数变化较明显,而PDMS-P膜的分离系数变化较小;废水流量对渗透通量和分离系数的影响均较小.在最佳条件下,GKSS-GS膜的渗透通量为914.6 g/(m~2·h),分离系数为5.6;PDMS-P膜的渗透通量为1 887.2 g/(m~2·h),分离系数为4.8.     

NaNO(2)/FeCl(3) catalyzed wet oxidation of the azo dye Acid Orange 7

A combination of ferric chloride and sodium nitrite significantly improved the wet oxidation of the azo dye Acid Orange 7 (AO7) in acid aqueous media (pH 2.6) under moderate conditions (T=150 degrees C; oxygen pressure=0.5 MPa). To evaluate the catalytic system, wet oxidation of AO7 was carried out at temperatures between 90 and 150 degrees C and oxygen pressures ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa. The effect of initial solution pH from 2.6 to 11.4 and the amount of catalyst on the degradation of AO7 were also investigated. AO7 initial concentration was kept 200 mg L(-1). The degradation process was monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy, HPLC, IC (ion chromatography), GC-MS and TOC analysis. At 150 degrees C and 0.5 MPa oxygen pressure, 56% TOC was removed after 4h of treatment, while no obvious TOC removal were achieved without catalyst at the same experimental condition. The main degradation products were some small organic acids: formic acid, acetic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid (identified and quantified by IC) and phthalic acid (identified by GC-MS).     

基因芯片在环境毒理学研究中的应用进展

基因芯片可以将大量的DNA信息集成到 1cm2 左右的芯片上 ,对生命信息具有大规模平行处理的能力 ,为环境毒理学研究提供了一个理想的平台。基因芯片可以精确地完成污染物对人类基因表达影响的分析 ,并对污染物进行分类与分级 ,筛选毒物靶标和确定毒性机理。本文描述了基因芯片技术、毒理学应用研究现状及应用前景。引用文献 2 9篇。     

耐高温反渗透膜在化工废水处理中的应用

以某化工工艺废水的超滤出水为原水,采用耐高温反渗透膜进行处理,考察了操作压力、废水pH、膜面流速及废水总铁质量浓度对耐高温反渗透膜产水通量及脱盐率(以电导率减小率计,下同)和TOC去除率的影响。实验结果表明,在操作压力为0.24 MPa、废水pH为7.60、膜面流速为2.0 m/s的最佳条件下运行4 200 min后,产水通量衰减约73%,反渗透系统的脱盐率为95%～97%,TOC去除率为83%～95%,出水电导率在50μs/cm左右,出水TOC为21～23 mg/L。     

Impact factors of the degradation of bisphenol A by nitrocellulose membrane under illumination

Nitrocellulose membrane (NCM) can produce hydroxyl radicals under illumination, which promotes the oxidative degradation of organic pollutants. In this paper, NCM was used to oxidize bisphenol A (BPA) under simulated sunlight. The effects of pH, temperature, light intensity, anion and cation on the degradation of BPA were analyzed. The photodegradation process of BPA was discussed. The optimal photolysis rate was 0.031 min^?1 when the temperature was 30°C, the light intensity was 2.67 × 10⁴ Lux, and the pH value was 9.0. The alkaline environment, temperature and light intensity can promote the photodegradation of BPA. Except for nitrate ions, anions and cations can inhibit the photodegradation of BPA. Compared with cations, anions have a greater inhibitory effect on BPA degradation. The degradation products of BPA by NCM were analyzed by gas chromatographic/mass. This study may provide useful information for the BPA degradation by NCM in complex water samples.     

Linear solvation energy relationships regarding sorption and retention properties of hydrophobic organic compounds in soil leaching column chromatography

The capacity factors of a series of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) were measured in soil leaching column chromatography (SLCC) on a soil column, and in reversed-phase liquid chromatography on a C18 column with different volumetric fractions (phi) of methanol in methanol-water mixtures. A general equation of linear solvation energy relationships, log(XYZ) XYZ0 + mV(I)/100 + spi + bbetam + aalpham, was applied to analyze capacity factors (k'), soil organic partition coefficients (Koc) and octanol-water partition coefficients (P). The analyses exhibited high accuracy. The chief solute factors that control logKoc, log P, and logk' (on soil and on C18) are the solute size (V(I)/100) and hydrogen-bond basicity (betam). Less important solute factors are the dipolarity/polarizability (pi*) and hydrogen-bond acidity (alpham). Log k' on soil and log Koc have similar signs in four fitting coefficients (m, s, b and a) and similar ratios (m:s:b:a), while log k' on C18 and logP have similar signs in coefficients (m, s, b and a) and similar ratios (m:s:b:a). Consequently, logk' values on C18 have good correlations with logP (r > 0.97), while logk' values on soil have good correlations with logKoc (r > 0.98). Two Koc estimation methods were developed, one through solute solvatochromic parameters, and the other through correlations with k' on soil. For HOCs, a linear relationship between logarithmic capacity factor and methanol composition in methanol-water mixtures could also be derived in SLCC.     

初始pH值和物料配比对高温混料厌氧发酵进程的影响

为了研究高温条件下初始p H对厌氧发酵进程的影响,以猪粪、玉米秸秆为发酵原料,设置3种比例(干物质质量比30∶70、50∶50、70∶30)下6个水平(6.0、6.5、7.0、7.5、8.0的初始p H值以及一个不调控初始p H的处理作为对照)进行批次发酵试验.结果表明,初始p H值和物料配比都会显著影响厌氧发酵过程的启动时间和甲烷产量.当初始p H值为7.0时,VS降解率趋于稳定.COD去除率随着粪便含量的增加而逐渐降低.高温猪粪玉米秸秆混合发酵最佳挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)/碱度比值范围为0.05~0.3;猪粪可以作为一种缓冲材料,适量添加可增大消化系统的缓冲能力.通过建模优化,预测出当初始p H值为6.95、猪粪/玉米秆为70∶30时,可得到每克挥发性固体最大理论单位甲烷产量169.22 m L·g-1.     

北京市北沙河上游典型小流域水环境治理措施的生态效益分析

北京市属于资源型重度缺水地区,水资源紧缺严重制约其可持续发展,加之水质恶化,造成了全市水资源和水环境形势严峻的局面.为此,北京市布设相应措施对小流域水环境问题进行治理,分析治理措施的生态效益能够为小流域水环境治理措施的合理布设提供科学依据.以北京市昌平区北沙河上游8条小流域为研究区,基于In VEST(Integrat...